Midterm

Question 1

interaction between individuals of the same species in which both are negatively affected

Answer 1

intraspecific competition

Question 2

an interaction
between at least two individuals of different
species in which both are negatively affected

Answer 2

interspecific competition

Question 3

individuals use the same limiting
resource or resources, thus depleting the amount
available to others

Answer 3

exploitation

Question 4

individuals perform antagonistic
actions that directly interfere with the ability of
their competitors to use a limiting resource

Answer 4

interference

Question 5

types of competition

Answer 5

inter
intra
exploitation
interference

Question 6

what do animals compete for?

Answer 6

water
food
shelter
mates

Question 7

what do plants compete for

Answer 7

water
minerals
light
space

Question 8

the living organisms within a given area

Answer 8

community

Question 9

all of the organisms in an area and the environment with which they interact

Answer 9

Ecosystem

Question 10

large scale
stable communities
classified by vegetation / broad geographical area with some internal
uniformity of climate, rocks, soils, and living things that can be distinguished from adjacent areas by one or more characteristic communities

Answer 10

Biome / Ecological Region

Question 11

zone where two or more communities meet and integrate

Answer 11

Ecotone

Question 12

historically the EP was a ________, but is presently a

Answer 12

live oak savanna

live oak juniper woodland

Question 13

increasing density and size of woody or shrubby species

Answer 13

thicketization

Question 14

branch of mathematics used to analyze numerical data and draw conclusions from that data

Answer 14

statistics

Question 15

any process which results in the collection of data, the outcome of which is unknown

Answer 15

Experiment/study

Question 16

that portion of an experiment/study that the researcher manipulates or varies

Answer 16

Treatment

Question 17

the set representing all measurements of interest to the researcher

Answer 17

population

Question 18

a subset of measurements selected from the population of interest

Answer 18

sample

Question 19

a characteristic that changes or varies over time and/or from different individuals or objects under consideration

Answer 19

variable

Question 20

numerical observations that represent an amount or quantity which arise when the observations are counts or measurements (e.g. height, biomass)

Answer 20

quantitative variable

Question 21

observations that represent a non-numerical quality or characteristic but fall into separate distinct categories (e.g. sex, political affiliation, color of eyes, socio-economic status)

Answer 21

qualitative variable

Question 22

the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis.

Answer 22

p-value

Question 23

level of risk of rejecting a true null hypothesis you find acceptable

Answer 23

alpha

Question 24

P <= 0.05

Answer 24

Reject Null Hypothesis; there is a significant difference in the means

Question 25

P > 0.05

Answer 25

Fail to reject Null Hypothesis; there is no significant difference in the means

Question 26

Parts of an abstract

Answer 26

``` t i m r d ```

Question 27

Why do ecologists study population growth?

Answer 27

1. Learn more about the environmental requirements for an organism 2. Regulate population size 3. Predict future population fluctuations

Question 28

measure of the light that passes through the sample

Answer 28

Transmittance

Question 29

measure of the quantity of light that a sample neither transmits nor reflects; proportional to the concentration of a substance in a solution

Answer 29

Absorbance

Question 30

Transmittance and absorbance are _____ related. The inverse relationship is ______

Answer 30

inversely | logarithmic

Question 31

Causes of thicketization

Answer 31

Overgrazing Seed dispersal by livestock Fire prevention