Midterm Flashcards
(36 cards)
Intellectual Disability
significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning that adversely affects a child’s educational performance existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period.
Intellectual Disability Causes
3 categories Prenatal (before birth), Perinatal (during birth), and Postnatal (after birth)
Specific Learning Disability
A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations. This term does not apply to students who experience learning problems due to other disabilities.”
Dyslexia
neurologically based disability that reflects intrinsic, often persistent, deficits in fundamental reading skills. (phonological processing, word recognition, fluency and decoding)
Dysgraphia
a learning disability that impacts written language based on difficulty with language formulation ad organization and, often, imitations in fine motor skills.
Dyscalculia
A Learning disability associated with the inability to understand or manipulate mathematical concepts including retaining math facts and performing computations.
RTI
Response to intervention (or instruction) a classroom level and school wide model of reading instruction that emphasizes ongoing assessment, effective reading instruction, and reading intervention for students who experience difficulty.
Orthopedic impairments
impairments caused by congenital anomaly, impairments caused by disease, and impairments from other causes which adversely affects a child’s educational performance
Cerebral palsy (CP)
- involves involuntary movement and posture stemming from a neurological disorder caused by damage to the brain before, during, or after birth.
- One of the most prevalent physical disabilities in the classroom
Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychological impairments that affects a child’s educational performance
Other health impairments
limited strength, vitality or alertness due to chronic or acute health
Examples of Other Health Impairments
- epilepsy: diagnosed when an individual has repeated seizures
- diabetes: chronic metabolic disorder where the pancreas does not produce the appropriate amounts of insulin
- asthma: lung disorder involving frequent wheezing and difficulty breathing
Hard of hearing
an individual with substantial hearing loss, but sufficient residual hearing.
Deaf
no objective line of division, an individual who is deaf would have limited residual hearing and would not be likely to benefit from amplification devices to experience speech and language in a typical manner. Not totally cut off, Manual communication becomes a better option.
Conductive hearing loss
hearing loss that results from inability of sound to be transmitted in the outer and middle ear
Sensorineural hearing loss
hearing loss that results from damage to the inner ear and or nerve components of hearing; more likely to be severe and permanent
Autism Spectrum Disorder
A group of developmental disabilities under the umbrella term “pervasive developmental disabilities”, which includes autism, Asperger’s syndrome, and pervasive developmental disability-not otherwise specified. Students with the label of ASD have social, communication, and behavioral difficulties.
Characteristics of ASD
observable in early childhood and cause significant impairment in life functioning.- deficits in social communication and social interaction, restricted, repetitive behaviors and/or interests. Avoiding looking you in the eye, zoning out, no facial expressions or opposite to what is considered socially acceptable.
Asperger’s syndrome
prior to DSM V, a Pervasive Developmental Disorder characterized by difficulty with social interactions, restricted interests, and unusual patterns of behavior . Individuals with Asperger’s Syndrome have average or above average intelligence and do not have delays in spoken language. The terminology persists in use in mainstream society despite changes to the DSM.
Notable impact of IDEA on School Policy:
Zero Reject Free Appropriate Public Education Least Restrictive Environment Identification and Evaluation Procedures Procedural Safeguards
What is special about special education?
Direct instruction (particularly in the area of reading) Self monitoring strategies Mnemonic instruction Learning strategy training Curriculum-based measurement Applied behavior analysis Functional assessment
RTI
provides a framework for teachers to allocate resources in direct relation to the needs of children and to help children learn more effectively. The responsiveness of students to evidence-based interventions in the RTI process provides a basis for decisions about instructional needs.
Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
is the term that is often used to reflect a broad paradigm shift regarding the manner in which schools plan to address the goals for inclusion. In the broadest terms, UDL represents a perspective that emphasizes the reduction of barriers to learning in school.
The term implies tremendous flexibility in teaching and learning experiences
A teacher who deliberately plans to support the learning experiences of these diverse children by creating a flexible and supportive learning environment, is attempting to teach in a manner that is consistent with UDL. The teacher tried to think of ways that everyone can read the book and come back together with a shared experience of reading a good book while developing enhanced reading skills.
ADHD
a disorder that is usually diagnosed in childhood, it is characterized by persistent pattern of impulsiveness, short attention span, and sometimes hyperactivity. It Iinterferes with academic, occupational, and social performance
