Midterm Flashcards
(35 cards)
1
Q
Puritan predestination
A
- idea that you are either saved or not
- there is no free will then, must be good and god might decide to give you a sign of salvation
2
Q
Puritan thoughts on government
A
- state subordinate to church
- must enforce god’s will
3
Q
Thomas Hobbes main ideas
A
- humans only care about themselves and only do things for personal benefit
- need for an all powerful sovereign
4
Q
Natural Rights
A
- life,liberty, and property ideas from John Locke
- god given and born with certain rights
5
Q
John Locked main ideas
A
- Natural Rights
- centrality of property
- social contract
- right of dissolution
6
Q
John Wise main ideas
A
- best government is the one that is most divine (this would be democracy because it would preserve freedom/equality)
- one can’t be forced into society, it mus be done willingly and not by majority rules
7
Q
Jonathan Mayhew ideas
A
-principle of popular consent right to revolt against tyranny
8
Q
John Winthrop
A
- believed in government of select few acting in gods name
- duty to disobey to pursue the good
9
Q
Thomas Pain ideas
A
- People were naturally good and do not need much government
- government is a necessary evil to check those who are not interested in the common good
- every generation of government should start anew
10
Q
Thomas Pain on Common Sense
A
- man is naturally peaceable and sociable
- as society grows we must empower representatives and have frequent elections
- limited government
- secular gov
11
Q
Sam Adams
A
- based on Lockean ideas
- rights of nature and liberty, we are free and equal, need a fair arbiter
- limited power of legislators
12
Q
Benjamin Rush Ideas
A
- free public education
- anti-slavery, slavery not productive, 5 proposals to fix slave problem in America
13
Q
4 parts of the declaration
A
- Statement of intent
- Philosophic justification
- List of grievances
- Action statement
14
Q
Reasons for the Constitution
A
- Inadequate Articles of Confederation
- war debts, no way to enforce payment under articles
- commerce, each state taxed and had trade barriers
- currency
- security
- war debts, no way to enforce payment under articles
15
Q
Disputes of the Constitution
A
- representation (bicameral)
- Great Compromise
- slavery (3/5 compromise)
- importation ban
- fugitative slave provision
16
Q
Federalist papers
A
- utility if the union
- inadequacy of the confederation
- necessity for “energetic” gov
- conformity with republican principles
- similarities with state constitutions
- additional security provided for liberty and security of property
17
Q
Antifederalist
A
- were farmers, small merchants, and working men
- scattered and locally organized
- no unified approach or spokesperson
18
Q
Anti federalist ideas
A
- too much power in government
- taxation of individuals
- power to raise an army
- the necessary and proper clause
- terms too long-tendency to aristocracy through means of election
19
Q
Alexander Hamilton ideas
A
- instrumental in establishing the national bank
- disliked parties, but still helped form the federalists
- can’t become a world power without a way to manage US debt
20
Q
AH report on credit
A
- called for the full payment of debt to establish legitimacy
- wanted gov to take on the states debt
21
Q
AH report on bank
A
- US has the authority to erect corporations
- it is “necessary” to establish the bank
22
Q
AH report on manufacture
A
- wishes to ensure the economic and industrial growth of america
- tariffs/bounties as the best way to stimulate new enterprise
23
Q
Thomas Jefferson ideas
A
- agrarian, opposed urbanization
- reserved right of states to decide what was best
- democratic republican, lockean
- generational contitution
- decentralization of gov
- common people not capable of self rule
24
Q
Marbury vs. Madison
A
-established judicial review
25
McCulluch vs. Maryland
- dispute national bank allowed?
- found government can make a bank under "necessary and proper" clause
- states can't tax it though
26
Alexis de Tocqueville
- democracy in America
- greater mingling of classes
- tendency toward devolution of power to local levels of gov
- press freedom
- majority tyranny
- public opinion ostricizes
- free association
- good legal protection
- free movement
27
Economics and slavery
- end of importation of slaves
- expansion meant more land in the west
- growth of slave breeding
- slavery wasn't dying out on its own
28
Politics and slavery
- balancing alternating which states were free/slave
- missouri compromise
- Kansas nebraska act
- dred scott decision
29
legal stuff and slavery
- states rights, retain sovereignty
- 3/5
- fugitive slave provision
- constitution sees slavery as unlawful over time
30
John C. Calhoun
- society is very delicate and any sudden change will tear society apart
- rejected natural rights, society decides who has rights and man is not born equal
- concurrent majority system, a two sided system, each has veto and a president
31
George Fitzhugh
- rejected natural rights
- people must accept natural hierarchy
- thought southern slaves were better off than northern wage workers
32
William Garrison
-called for withdrawal from the union and acceptance of slavery by framers
-condemned the constitution and elevate principles of the declaration
-slavery is a crime against humanity
wanted end to trafficking
-boycott southern goods
-no compensation for lost slaves
33
Frederick Douglas
- push in all possible ways for change
- slavery is completely unlawful since framers sought its demise
- tied future of nation to unity of whites and blacks
- let blacks advance on their own merits
34
Orestes Brownson
- marxian type analysis on class
- attacked religious enablers who promise future salvation
- limit banks and monopolies
- eliminate hereditary transfer of wealth
35
Henry David Thoreau
Civil Disobedience
- minimalist gov
- fear of tyranny of majority
- castigates northern economics interests for acquiescing to slavery in the south
- voting is cheap commodity in matters of morality
- government action can be changed if we stop financing it (paying taxes)
