midterm Flashcards
how to calculate formal charge
valence electrons-(free electrons+bonds)
How can an excited atom return to a lower energy level?
by emitting light energy
How can an atom be excited into a higher energy level
by absorbing light energy
how is wavelength and frequency related
they are inversely proportional
where is alkali metals
elememts of group 1 (column)
where are alkali earth metals
elements of group 2
where are the halogens
elements in group 17
where are the inert noble gasses
elements in group 18
where are the transition metals
elements in groups 4-12
where are the non metals
the “stairs from group 13-18
what are the first three quantom numbers
they identify the position of an electron in orbit
what does the last quantum number represent
the spin of the electron around its axis
which quantum number helps explain an atom’s magnetic properties
the last one (ms) : the spin of the electron around its axis
In quantum numbers, what does N represent?
the energy of an electron; the smaller the N, the lower the energy. also coincides with the distance the orbit is from the nucleus
what is the angular momentum quantum number
L, defines the different orbitals possible within an energy level.
the number of shapes possible of an orbital is dependent on what.
L is dependent on the size of the major energy level (N)
What are the possible values of L
N-1=L (any number lower than N)
What is the magnetic quantum number
ML; indicates how many orbitals there are that have the same N value and the same L value, but a different orientation (same distance from nucleus, same path, different orientation)
If L=2, what are the possible ML
2,1,0,-1,-2 (five different orientations
What is the spin quantum number
MS; Used to describe the possible directions of the spin of an electron.
what are the possible values of MS
-1/2, 1/2
What makes an atom have magnetic properties?
unpaired electrons
define diamagnetic
when an atom has all paired electrons
equation to determine maximum number of electrons in a major energy level
2N^2
eg. in the 4th energy level: 2(4)^2=32electrons
