Midterm Flashcards

Question

Freud 2 and the structural model

Answer 1

``` Id – A reservoir of unorganized instinctual drives, under the domination of primary process. Ego The ego is the executive organ of the psyche. It controls perception, contact with reality, and delay or modulation of drive expressions (through the defense mechanisms). Super-Ego – establishes and maintains the moral conscience, based on a complex system of ideals and values internalized form the parents. ```

Answer 2

ego has drives of it's own Ego Functions ( a short list…) 1.Control and Regulation of Instinctual Drives Capacity to delay or modify drive discharge Secondary process develops with the acquisition of language and logical thinking. To tolerate frustration, anxiety, and delay gratification without immediately acting to relieve it. 2. Control and Regulation of Affect 3. Judgment 4. Relation to Reality The mediation between the external world and the internal world is critical Sense of reality Reality Testing Adaptation to reality 5. Self-Esteem Regulation

Answer 3

ego psychologist proposed that the personality evolves through systematic stages.

Answer 4

There are a number of ego functions that operate outside the sphere of conflict. This changes the notion that the ego only came as a result of energy from the Id. (unlike the horse and rider analogy) Lots of learning and goal directed behavior, perception and movement is not dependent of Id energy. Infants needed an “average expectable environment” (as opposed to neglect, trauma, abuse)

Answer 5

Ego psychologist Proposed that Mastery be viewed as a primary motivating force, equal in importance to libido and aggressive instincts. There is an inborn human need to master developmental, interpersonal, and environmental challenges.

Answer 6

primary emotions: evolved as specific reactions with survival value for us; they mobilize us, focus our attention; anger, fear, sadness, joy, anticipation secondary emotions: variable and socially acquired; evolved to promote flexible cohesion in groups; may result from combinations of primary emotions; envy, jealousy, shame, relief, hope, depression, pride, love, gratitude

Answer 7

Human Relationships are the prime motivator of human behavior… We relate to people in the present, largely on the basis of expectations formed by our earliest experiences. We continue to respond to others often because of their resemblance to internalized objects from the past, not necessarily the reality of the present.

Answer 8

Drives are “inherently and inseparably directed toward objects.” Developmentally related: “Paranoid Schizoid Position” “Depressive Position…”

Answer 9

The infant’s mode of organizing experience is one in which all aspects of the infant and mother are split into good and bad elements. part-object relations objects are experienced only in fragments, not as real persons, and as either good or bad. persecutory anxiety fear that the persecutory parts of the object will get inside the self, and annihilate it.

Answer 10

The all good mother is given up in favor of the good & bad object… Giving up the fantasy of perfect goodness… whole object relations means seeing self and others as a mix of both good and bad

Answer 11

Object-relations dumps drive-theory and says that we are object-oriented introjection and projection The Central Ego – primarily conscious, assumes the responsibility of the ego functions. The Libidinal Ego – primarily unconscious, refers to the part of the self that is loving and expansive, and grows in relation to good, positive experiences with others. The Anti-libidinal Ego – mostly unconscious, is the repository of bad object experiences that have now been introjected to become part of the self.

Answer 12

Fairbairn ``` The child internalizes by introjection, not just an object, but an object relationship, internalized during development. The self is always in relationship to an object and the two are connected with an affect… ```

Answer 13

object-relations children need a *holding environment* protecting from things inside and out the transitional object: It’s not completely separate from me (as mother apparently is) but its also not completely under the fantasized control the way mother is in the earlier stage. the good enough mother - The critical ingredient is the mother’s attunement to the child’s changing developmental needs.

Answer 14

self-psychology tri-polar self Empathic attunement a profound intellectual understanding of the world of another, a way of knowing. To understand from within the experience of another… Selfobjects a person, thing, activity, symbol, which one experiences as part of oneself, adding to or maintaining self cohesion. Optimal Frustration – the self structuring that takes place when we are forced by circumstances to meet our own needs.

Answer 15

I. The Grandiose Self. Forms the core of identity and individuality. The self that wants to feel special and full of well being. The repository of a natural healthy exhibitionism. II. The Idealized Parent Imago An internal, sometimes unconscious object representation of an idealized, knowing, soothing other, usually from the early childhood. III. The Twinship Pole Desire for mutual recognition, to find sameness in another, to find “one like me”

Answer 16

emotions-focused: change either the way the stressful situation is attended to or the meaning to oneself of what is happening ex. dan doesn't take it personally when a teacher isn't flexible with him when he finds out that the teacher doesn't support students with learning disabilities problem-focused: change the situation by acting on the environment ex. dan educating his teacher's about his learning disability

Answer 17

Gave us a developmental model for cognition. Piaget saw a two-step process: 1. We assimilate data from the environment using the mental structures we have developed for understanding the world, and 2. We accommodate those mental structures (modify them) in response to the environment.

Answer 18

unconscious, automatic responses that enable us to minimize our perceived threats. ex. denial, projection, regression

Answer 19

Early experiences set the stage for later faith development Understanding a person’s values, beliefs, and sense of meaning can help us better appreciate the tasks, tensions, and challenges at various points in life Primal faith –developing sense of security and trust; of being taken care of by ultimate environment Intuitive/projective – magical, intuitive, symbolic – beginning sense of ‘other’ Mythic/literal – understand concept of belonging – concrete; stories are meaningful; age of reason Synthetic/conventional – acceptance of what’s been taught; integrating that sense of belonging; identifying with it; developing compassion Individuation/reflective – analysis of previous held beliefs in order to make more sense out of the ultimate environment and personal meaning Conjunctive –reaches to ‘deeper self’; awareness of community of ‘all living things’; self is part of larger whole cosmos Universalizing – understands that threat to any living thing or individual is threat to whole; Actively involved in remediating injustice

Answer 20

The spectrum consciousness spans from pre-personal, to personal, to transpersonal “great chain of being” means from matter to the body, to the mind, to the soul, to the spirit The holon Every thing, person, idea is simultaneously a whole and a part of some other whole, i.e. a letter is a whole and also part of a word human beings are “holons” in the sense that the brain is a whole AND a part of the body; the body is a whole AND a part of self; the self is a whole and part of a family; the family is a whole and part of the community

Answer 21

The spectrum consciousness spans from pre-personal, to personal, to transpersonal “great chain of being” means from matter to the body, to the mind, to the soul, to the spirit Fulcrum the turning point at a different level on the developmental spiral a three-step process: the self becomes comfortable and eventually identifies with the basic functioning of that level 2. new experiences begin to challenge the way of being at this level, and the self begins to differentiate or “dis-identify” with it 3. the self begins to move toward an identify with the next level while integrating the functioning of the previous basic structure into the new organization

Answer 22

Spirituality: Search for purpose, meaning, and connection between self, others, the universe, and ultimate reality; both religious and non-religious expressions Religion: A systematic set of beliefs, practices, and traditions experienced within a particular social institution over time

Answer 23

Familial Relationship Risk for Schizophrenia Does Schizophrenia have a genetic cause? Yes and no... ``` Identical twin affected 50% Fraternal twin affected 15% Both parents affected 35% One parent affected 15% 2nd degree relative affected 2-3% No affected relatives 1% General population 1% ```

Answer 24

single gene with a dominant allele: dad shows the trait, mom doesn't = 50% of kids will show the trait (for ex.); huntingtons works this way single gene recessive: sickle cell and fibromayalgia work this way multifactoral: like cancer - can get a risk allele and not get the disease, can get the allele and get one type of cancer or another type of cancer

Answer 25

inhibitory substance that appears in many parts of the body; regulates motor behavior, the endocrine system, and pleasure centers of the brain; influences emotional behavior and cognition

Answer 26

dopamine is one synapses use neurotransmitters to communicate behavior is affected not only by the levels of a neurotransmitter, but also by the balance of two or more neurotransmitters

Answer 27

primary: illogical, irrational, goal-directed, unconscious secondary: logical, planning, conscious

Midterm Flashcards

(52 cards)