Midterm

Question 1

Furosemide: What is the target?

Answer 1

Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter

Diuretic, makes urine less concentrated

Question 2

Fluoxetine: What is the target?

Answer 2

SSRI - Prozac

Question 3

B1-adrenergic antagonists targets ______.

Answer 3

CVD

Question 4

B2-adrenergic antagonist treats _______.

Answer 4

Asthma

Question 5

5-HT10 agonist treats _______.

Answer 5

Migraines

Question 6

NO increases the level of _______

Answer 6

CGMP ( leading to + PKG then contraction)

Question 7

Sildenafil blocks ______ to stop the break down of ______

Answer 7

PDE5; cGMP

Question 8

Blocking prostaglandin results in reduced ________.

Answer 8

Inflammation

Question 9

Bioavailability describes ___

Answer 9

The amount passing BBB vs absorption by the gut

Question 10

A smaller Kd (dissociation rate) means a better ____.

Answer 10

Affinity

Question 11

What are scatchard plots used for?

Answer 11

Used to calculate affinity constant of a ligand

Question 12

Drug efficacy describes

Answer 12

Whether a drug produces more or less effect for a specific dose

Question 13

What is drug potency?

Answer 13

The dose required to reach a certain efficacy, more potent means you need less dose to reach an effect

Question 14

What is the effect of an inverse agonist?

Answer 14

Ligand produces opposing effect

Question 15

What is autologous in stem cell therapy?

Answer 15

Cells come from the self

Question 16

What is allogenic in stem cell therapy?

Answer 16

Cells com from a donor

Question 17

What is the resting potential of cardiac vs neuronal cells?

Answer 17

-90 mv vs. -70 mv

Question 18

How does selectivity filter of K+ channel work?

Answer 18

Involved C=O carbonyl oxygen of AA @ the pore loop interacting with K+ ion and stabilizing it

Question 19

What is the function of TTX?

Answer 19

Binds to VGSCs, at site 1, BLOCKS pore loop

Question 20

What is the mechanism of scorpion alpha toxin?

Answer 20

Activation resulting in continuous firing and convulsions

Question 21

What is the function of lidocaine

Answer 21

Binds to inactivated state of Na+ channel to slow down heart rate

Question 22

What is the function of procaine?

Answer 22

Slows down depolarization of nerve cell membrane

Question 23

How do the drugs phenytoin and carbamazepine work for epilepsy?

Answer 23

Slows down the recovery from inactivated state, preventing the next AP

Question 24

What is TEA used for and how does it work

Answer 24

Probe brain function to study APs. Affects the 2 TM K+ inward rectifier and ATP- activated K+ channel

Question 25

What receptor does Digoxin and Ouabain affect?

Answer 25

Blocks Na+/K+ pump, inhibits restoration of eq after APs

Question 26

What are three ways to deliver drugs into the CNS?

Answer 26

- hydrophilic drug enter freely - lipophilic drugs require pro-drug conjugation - drug-Ab fusion

Question 27

What is the function of forskolin

Answer 27

Used to increase cAMP by stimulating AC, used for a variety of purposes, for ex: weight loss

Question 28

Why are HDAC inhibitors used for cancer therapy?

Answer 28

Inhibits histone deacetylase, inhibits proliferation of tumor cells

Question 29

What are the 5 ways for termination of NTs?

Answer 29

1. uptake by postsynaptic cell 2. transport to presynaptic cell 3 uptake by glia 4. enzyme degradation 5. passive diffusion

Question 30

The 3 steps to exocytotic cycle are ____

Answer 30

1. synaptic vesicle approaches active zone 2. ATP-dependent priming 3. NT release triggered by Ca2+ influx

Question 31

What is the function of synaptotagmin?

Answer 31

Ca2+ sensor

Question 32

What is the function of synaptobrevin?

Answer 32

vesicle fusion and targeting

Question 33

What is the effect of a synaptobrevin antagonist?

Answer 33

prevents NT release by stopping the vesicle's ability to target the membrane and fuse

Question 34

What are the two transmembrane SNARE proteins

Answer 34

SNAP-25 and syntaxin

Question 35

What is the role of SNAP-25 and syntaxin?

Answer 35

stabilizes vesicle at the membrane

Question 36

What is an example of direct signal transmission

Answer 36

ligand gated ion channel

Question 37

What is an example of indirect signal transmission

Answer 37

G protein, steroid receptors

Question 38

Where in the intestine does cholera toxin target?

Answer 38

enterocytes