Midterm Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
Sexual reproduction or adult form, inside the host
A
Definitive host
2
Q
Not normally in humans, does not survive long in humans (zoonosis)
A
Accidental parasite
3
Q
Parasites on/in the skin of host (flea)
A
Ectoparasite
4
Q
Parasites within the host’s body (hookworm)
A
Endoparasite
5
Q
Free living organism that can become parasitic (naegleria fowleri aka brain eating amoeba)
A
Facultative parasite
6
Q
Larva stage or asexual reproduction, in the host
A
Intermediate host
7
Q
Temporary host in the absence of a definitive or intermediate host (some parasites may survive)
A
Reservoir host
8
Q
Host that a parasite survives in, in the absence of an intermediate or definitive host from one location to another
A
Transport host
9
Q
Overall structure, infective stage, locomotion, and mode of transmission.
T/F
A
True
10
Q
All protozoa are microscopic, unicellular, eukaryotic microorganisms that can be free living or parasitic in nature.
T/F
A
True
11
Q
All protozoa normally have some form of motility.
T/F
A
True
12
Q
Which group of protozoan have infective stage being cysts?
Ciliophora
Flagellate
Amoeba
Sporozoa
A
Ciliophora
13
Q
Which of the following groups of protozoan locomote via trophozoites?
A
Flagellate
14
Q
Which of the following groups of protozoan locomote via cilia (fast, rotational)?
Flagellate
Ameoba
Sporozoa
Ciliophora
A
Ciliophora
15
Q
Which of the following protozoan have membrane bound nucleus, lack photosynthetic chloroplasts and a cell wall?
Ciliophora
Flagellate
Sporozoa
Amoeba
A
Flagellate
Amoeba
Ciliophora
16
Q
Which of the following groups of protozoan have trophozoite infective stage?
Ciliophora
Flagellate
Amoeba
Sporozoa
A
Flagellate
17
Q
Which of the following groups of protozoan locomote via wave-like, undulating (slower than cilia)?
Flagellate
Sporozoa
Amoeba
Ciliophora
A
Flagellate
18
Q
Which of the following groups of protozoan have an infective stage consisting of a cyst wall?
Ciliophora
Flagellate
Amoeba
Sporozoa
A
Amoeba
19
Q
Which of the following groups of protozoan has pseudopodia locomotion?
Ciliophora
Amoeba
Flagellate
Sporozoa
A
Amoeba
20
Q
Which of the following groups of protozoan locomotion involves gliding?
Ciliophora
Flagellate
Amoeba
Sporozoa
A
Sporozoa
21
Q
What is the primary function of a trophozoite?
A
Replication
22
Q
Medication used to treat Plasmodium infectious agent (malaria).
Chloroquine
Artemether
Albendazole
Ivermectin
A
Chloroquine
Artemether
23
Q
The mechanism of ____ is it interferes with metabolism and use of hemoglobin.
Chloroquine
Artemether
Ivermectin
Paromomycin
A
Chloroquine
24
Q
The mechanism of ____ is a redox reagent, producing reactive oxygen radicals.
Chloroquine
Artemether
Paromomycin
Ivermectin
A
Artemether
25
Medication used to treat Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis).
Chloroquine
Paromomycin
Albendazole
Ivermectin
Paromomycin
26
The mechanism of ____ is to inhibit protein synthesis.
Paromomycin
Albendazole
Chloroquine
Ivermectin
Paromomycin
27
Medication that is used for filariasis, ascariasis, strongyloidiasis, and some adult worms.
Ivermectin
Artemether
Chloroquine
Albendazole
Albendazole
28
The mechanism for ____ is blocking key steps in worm metabolism.
Albendazole
Paromomycin
Artemether
Ivermectin
Albendazole
29
Medication that is used to treat onchoceriasis, ascariasis, stronglyloidasis.
Paromomycin
Artemether
Ivermectin
Chloroquine
Ivermectin
30
The mechanism of ____ is to block nerve transmission.
Ivermectin
Albendazole
Artemether
Paromomycin
Ivermectin
31
The structure of ____ alternates between large motile trophozoite and cyst.
Naeglaria fowleri
Entamoeba histolytica
Trypanosoma cruzi
Trichomonas viaginalis
Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
32
The structure of ____ is amoeboid (humans, flagellated (water), cyst (adverse conditions).
Entamoeba histolytica
Naeglaria fowleri
Giardia lamblia
Balantidium coli
Naeglaria fowleri
33
The structure of ____ has no observable flagella but is classified as flagellate (no cyst stage).
Dientamoeba fragilis
Trypanosoma bruci gambience
Giardia lamblia
Toxoplasma gondii
Dientamoeba fragilis
34
The structure of ____ is epimastigote (salivary glands of tsetse fly), trypomastigote (mouthparts, infective to humans).
Naeglaria fowleri
Giardia lamblia
Plasmodium spp
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
35
The structure of ____ is amastigote (human macrophages, liver, heart, spleen), epimastigote (in gut of “kissing bug”, transferred to humans).
Trichomonas vaginalis
Cryptosporidium parvum
Babesia microti
Trypanosoma cruzi (changa’s disease)
Trpanosoma cruzi (changa’s disease)
36
The structure of ____ is trichomonads. Small, pear-shaped protozoa with 4 anterior flagella and an undulating membrane. Trophozoite form only.
Giardia lamblia
Naeglaria fowleri
Trichomonas vaginalis
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Trichomonas vaginalis
37
The structure of ____ is pathogenic flagellate. Unique symmetrical heart shape with concave ventral surface that acts like a suction cup. Has cysts that are small, compact and multinucleate.
Giardia lamblia
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii
Babesia microti
Giardia lamblia
38
The structure of ____ is occysts developing into banana-shaped sporozoite.
Giardia lamblia
Dientamoeba fragilis
Naeglaria fowleri
Cryptosporidium parvum
Crptosporidium parvum
39
The structure of ____ is a coccidian parasite resembling cryptosporidum.
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii
Leishmania spp
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Cyclospora cayetanensis
40
The structure of ____ is a cyst, non-flagellated trophozoite.
Leishmania spp
Babesia microti
Balantidium coli
Giardia lamblia
Balantidium coli
41
The structure of ____ is a tiny, banana-shaped obligatory intracellular protozoan.
Toxoplasma gondii
Babesia microti
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Toxoplasma gondii
42
The structure of ____ is pear-shaped trophozoites multiplying in RBCs, lie as tetrads.
Babesia microti
Toxoplasma gondii
Balantidium coli
Giardia lamblia
Babesia microti
43
The structure of ____ is amastigote (macrophages), promastigote (sand fly).
Plasmodium spp.
Leishmania spp.
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Cryptosporidium parvum
Leishmania spp.
44
____ is ingested as cysts then becomes trophozoites in large intestines before passing from the human.
Naeglaria fowleri
Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
Trichomonas vaginalis
Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
45
____ has 3 life stages consisting of cyst, trophozoite, and flagellate.
Giardia lamblia
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii
Naeglaria fowleri
Naeglaria fowleri
46
____ life cycle consists of trophozoites in the cecum and large intestines before being passed in faces leading to transmission of parasite.
Naeglaria fowleri
Dientamoeba fragilis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Giardia lamblia
Dientamoeba fragilis
47
____ life cycle consists of epimastigotes (salivary glands of tsetse fly) and trypmastigote (blood of humans).
Naeglaria fowleri
Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
48
____ life cycle consists of epimastigote (intestinal tract of kissing bug), amastigote (macrophages), and trypomastigote (bloodstream).
Giardia lamblia
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
Naeglaria fowleri
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
49
____ life cycle consists of trophozoite in vaginal/prostatic secretions and urine which multiplies by longitudinal binary fission, then trophozoite in vagina or orifice of urethra.
Trichomonas vaginalis
Giardia lamblia
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii
Trichomonas vaginalis
50
____ life cycle consists of human ingesting infective cysts which pass to small intestine where excystation occurs. Trophozoites in small intestine multiply asexually via binary fission leading to diagnostic/infective stage: resistant, infective cysts passed in feces.
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Dientamoeba fragilis
Naeglaria fowleri
Giardia lamblia
51
____ life cycle consists of ingestion of oocysts leading to sporozoites that penetrate intestinal cells which become merozoites.
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Cryptosporidium parvum
Trichomonas vaginalis
Dientamoeba fragilis
Cryptosporidium parvum
52
____ life cycle consists of unsporulated oocyst which upon environmental contamination become sporulated oocyst within the food chain.
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Cryptosporidium parvum
Babesis microti
Toxoplasma gondii
Cyclospora cayetanensis
53
____ life cycle consists of cysts which develop into trophozoites.
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii
Babesia microti
Giardia lamblia
Balantidium coli
54
____ life cycle definitive in ticks and intermediately in humans.
Babesia microti
Leishmania spp
Toxoplasma gondii
Balantidium coli
Babesia microti
55
____ life cycle consists of amastigote (intracellular in human macrophages), promastigote (found in sand fly gut).
Plasmoidum spp.
Leishmania spp.
Babesia microti
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Leishmania spp.
56
____ life cycle consists of 2 parts asexual phase in human (including paroxysm) and 1 part sexual phase (sporogony).
Plasmodium spp.
Leishmania spp.
Babesia microti
Toxoplasma gondii
Plasmodium spp.
57
____ symptoms include: asymptomatic (90%), bloody desyntery, abdominal pain, fever.
Naeglaria fowleri
Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
Giardia lamblia
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
58
____ symptoms include: headache, fever, nausea, vomiting (within 1-2 days).
Dientamoeba fragilis
Babesia microti
Plasmodium spp.
Naeglaria fowleri
Naeglaria fowleri
59
____ symptoms include: asymptomatic or diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain.
Dientamoeba fragilis
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Trichomonas vaginalis
Cryptosporidium parvum
Dientamoeba fragilis
60
____ symptoms include: (stage 1) large skin sore, fever, headache. (Stage 2) crosses blood brain barrier and infects CNS.
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Balantidium coli
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
61
____ symptoms include: local lesion, fever, swollen lymph nodes spleen and liver. Leads to large weakened heart.
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Dientamoeba fragilis
Naeglaria fowleri
Trypanosoma cruzi
62
____ symptoms include: female- foul smelling green/yellow discharge, vulvitis, cervicits, frequent urination and pain. Male- urethritis, thin milky discharge, sometimes prostate infection.
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trypanosoma brucei gambience
Dientamoeba fragilis
Trichomonas vaginalis
63
____ symptoms include: mild- illness, indigestion, flatulence, nausea; severe- vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, weight loss.
Giardia lamblia
Trypanosoma brucei gambience
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Balantidium coli
Giardia lamblia
64
____ symptoms include: fever, loss of appetite, nausea, crampy abdominal pain, diarrhea.
Cyclospora cavyetanensis
Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium parvum
Trichomonas vaginalis
Cryptosporidium parvum
65
____ symptoms include: dysentery, abdominal discomfort, may be asymptomatic.
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondiibabesia microti
Leishmania spp.
Balantidium coli
66
____ symptoms include: mostly asymptomatic. Mild- sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, lower fever (mono lookalike). Chronic- (immunocompromised patient) rash, hepatitis, encephalomyelitis, myocarditis.
Babesia microti
Plasmodium spp.
Toxoplasma gondii
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii
67
____ symptoms include: malaria like fever, chills, anorexia, myalgia.
Babesia microti
Leishmania spp.
Balantidium coli
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Babesia microti
68
____ symptoms include: localized ulcerated sore, except in Leishmania donovani can spread to internal organs.
Plasmodium spp.
Leishmania spp.
Toxoplasma gondii
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Leishmania spp.
69
____ symptoms include: splenic enlargement, fever chill paroxysms, joint pain, anemia (RBC destruction), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malaria pigment.
Plasmodium spp.
Babesia microti
Balantidium coli
Cryptosporidium parvum
Plasmodium spp.
70
____ transmission: fecally contaminated food or water containing cysts.
Naeglaria fowleri
Dientamoeba fragilis
Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
71
____ transmission: enters through the nose and migrates towards the brain.
Dientamoeba fragilis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Cryptosporidium parvum
Naeglaria fowleri
Naeglaria fowleri
72
____ transmission: probably hand to mouth from fecally contaminated sources.
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Trichomonas vaginalis
Dientamoeba fragilis
Giardia lamblia
Dientamoeba fragilis
73
____ transmission: bite from a tsetse fly.
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
Trichomonas vaginalis
Dientamoeba fragilis
Naeglaria fowleri
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
74
____ transmission: through triatoma bug (kissing bug).
Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium parvum
Balantidium coli
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
75
____ transmission: STD, infants can be infected from mother.
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Balantidium coli
Trichomonas vaginalis
76
____ transmission: usually ingested with water/food.
Cryptosporidium parvum
Toxoplasma gondii
Balantidium coli
Giardia lamblia
Giardia lamblia
77
____ transmission: ingestion of food/water with oocutes from animal reservoirs, human to human can occur.
Cryptosporidium parvum
Giardia lamblia
Babesia microti
Leishmania spp.
Cryptosporidium parvum
78
____ transmission: contaminated food/water (usually from overseas).
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Babesia microti
Cyclospora cayetanensis
79
____ transmission: occupant of intestines of domestic animals from ingesting food/water with cysts.
Toxoplasma gondii
Balantidium coli
Babesia microti
Leishmania spp.
Balantidium coli
80
____ transmission: cat feces containing oocysts, goat’s milk, blood transfusions, organ transplantation. Most common being fecal contaminated food and transplacental transmission.
Babesia microti
Toxoplasma gondii
Plasmodium spp.
Cryptosporidium parvum
Toxoplasma gondii
81
____ transmission: bitten by an infected tick.
Leishmania spp.
Plasmodium spp.
Babesia microti
Toxoplasma gondii
Babesia microti
82
____ transmission: through sand fly bites.
Babesia microti
Leishmania spp.
Balantidium coli
Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania spp.
83
____ transmission: mosquito bites infected person, infected mosquito bites person.
Plasmodium spp.
Balantidium coli
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Dientamoeba fragilis
Plasmodium spp.
84
____ treatment: metronidazole, iodoquinol, paromomycin.
Naeglaria fowleri
Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
Giardia lamblia
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
85
____ treatment: (usually unsuccessful) amphotericin B and sulfadiazine.
Dientamoeba fragilis
Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
Naeglaria fowleri
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Naeglaria fowleri
86
____ treatment: iodoquinol, tetracycline, paromomycin.
Cryptosporidium parvum
Giardia lamblia
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Dientamoeba fragilis
Dientamoeba fragilis
87
____ treatment: intramuscular injection of pentamidine, suramin for CNS
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
Giardia lamblia
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
88
____ treatment: nifurtimox, benzonidazole.
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Cryptosporidium parvum
Naeglaria fowleri
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
89
____ treatment: oral or vaginal metronidazole, tinidazole.
Trichomonas vaginalis
Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium parvum
Toxoplasma gondii
Trichomonas vaginalis
90
____ treatment: quinacrine or metronidazole. Cysts may be killed by boiling, ozone, iodine.
Giardia lamblia
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii
Trichomonas vaginalis
Giardia lamblia
91
____ treatment: paramomycin and azithromycin (no effective treatment exists)
Cryptosporidium parvum
Giardia lamblia
Dientamoeba fragilis
Naeglaria fowleri
Cryptosporidium parvum
92
____ treatment: trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Toxoplasma gondii
Babesia microti
Cyclospora cayetanensis
93
____ treatment: tetracycline, iodoquinol, metronidazole.
Toxoplasma gondii
Balantidium coli
Babesia microti
Leishmania spp.
Balantidium coli
94
____ treatment: pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine.
Toxoplasma gondii
Babesia microti
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Toxoplasma gondii
95
____ treatment: antimicrobials.
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Trichomonas vaginalis
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Babesia microti
Babesia microti
96
____ treatment: usually heals on it’s own.
Leishmania spp.
Plasmodium spp.
Babesia microti
Toxoplasma gondii
Leishmania spp.
97
____ prevention: don’t get bitten by mosquito
Plasmodium spp.
Toxoplasma gondii
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Plasmodium spp.
98
____ prevention: ensure adequate treatment of cutaneous infection.
Plasmodium spp.
Leishmania spp.
Toxoplasma gondii
Cryptosporidium parvum
Leishmania spp.
99
____ prevention: avoid contact with deer ticks.
Babesia microti
Balantidium coli
Giardia lamblia
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Babesia microti
100
____ prevention: avoid inadequately cooked meat and contact with foods/materials that may contain oocysts from cat feces.
Babesia microti
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii
Cryptosporidium parvum
Toxoplasma gondii
101
____ prevention: proper sanitation and cleaning food.
Toxoplasma gondii
Balantidium coli
Cryptosporidium parvum
Giardia lamblia
Balantidium coli
102
____ prevention: clean your food!
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Cyclospora cayetanensis
103
____ prevention: pasteurization of beverages, filtering water.
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Cryptosporidium parvum
104
____ prevention: boiling/disinfecting drinking water, filtration of community water supplies.
Cryptosporidium parvum
Giardia lamblia
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
Naeglaria fowleri
Giardia lamblia
105
____ prevention: protective clothing, insecticides, clearing of breeding grounds.
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
Giardia lamblia
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Trypanosoma brucei gambience (african sleeping sickness)
106
____ prevention: wash hands after messing with feces and before preparing food.
Dientamoeba fragilis
Entamoeba histyolytica (amebiasis)
Naeglaria fowleri
Trichomonas vaginalis
Dientamoeba fragilis
107
____ prevention: keep your head above water in infective areas.
Dientamoeba fragilis
Naeglaria fowleri
Entaomeba histolyica (amebiasis)
Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease)
Naeglaria fowleri
108
____ prevention: good sanitation and personal hygiene.
Naeglaria fowleri
Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium parvum
Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
109
____ the largest intestinal roundworm.
```
Trichinella spiralis (trichinellosis)
Ascaris lumbricoides (ascariasis)
Ancyclostoma spp. (Hookworm)
Stronglyoides stercoralis (threadworm)
```
Ascaris lumbricoides (ascariasis)
110
____ revolves around liver-lung migration. Larvae move to small intestine and penetrate the intestinal wall entering lymph/circulatory drainage to reach the heart. From the heart, it travels through pulmonary trunk to reach lung.
```
Ascaris lumbricoides (ascariasis)
Necator americanis (hookworm)
Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
Anisakis marina (herring worm)
```
Ascaris lumbricoides (ascariasis)
111
Ascaris lumbricoides (ascariasis) is diagnosed from ____.
Feces sample containing eggs
112
Ascaris lumbricoides (ascariasis) surgical treatment involves ____.
Nasogastric suction and drug treatment or intestinal obstruction
113
With trichinella spiralis (tricninellosis) larvae are encysted in ____ of mammal.
Striated muscle cell (nurse cell)
114
____ are the definitive hosts of trichinella spiralis (trichinellosis) while humans are just accidental hosts.
Pigs and bears
115
Trichinella spirillis (trichinellosis) is diagnosed via ____ with treatment sometimes being self-recovering or thaibendoazole for life threatening cases.
ID of encysted larvae in biopsied muscle
116
With ascaris lumbricoides (ascariasis), migration of larvae through the lungs leads to ____.
Loffler’s syndrome
117
With Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), humans are ____ host.
Sole
Accidental
Intermediate
None of the above
Sole
118
Trichuris trichuria (whipworm) is commonly joined by infection of ____.
Hookworm
Pinworm
Ascariasis
Herring worm
Ascariasis
119
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm, seatworm) is diagnosed with ____.
Tape test
120
Which infection occurs from filariform larvae burrowing into the skin of feet?
Ascariasis
Trichinellosis
Pinworm
Hookworm
Hookworm
121
Cutaneous larval migrans (creeping eruption) is associated with ____ infections.
Whipworm
Hookworm
Threadworm
Herring worm
Hookworm
122
The adult female ____ is parthenogenic (can produce asexually) allowing reinfection of same host.
```
Ascaris lumbricoides (ascariasis)
Trichinella spiralis (trichinellosis)
Ancyclostoma spp.
Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
```
Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
123
Often, T-lymphocyte is defective in ____ infections.
```
Ancyclostoma spp. (Hookworm)
Necator americanis (hookworm)
Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
```
Sterongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
124
Infections of ____ in humans leads to parasite never reaching maturity with humans not being principle host.
```
Ascaris lumbricoides (ascariasis)
Trichinella spiralis (trichinellosis
Anisakis marina (herring worm)
Necator americanis (hookworm)
```
Anisakis marina (herring worm)
125
Anisakis marina (herring worm) affect the stomach of ____.
Birds, fish, and marine mammals
