Midterm

Question 1

Three Appeals

Answer 1

1. Ethos
2. Pathos
3. Logos

Question 2

Ethos

Answer 2

Appeal to credibility / character

Question 3

Pathos

Answer 3

Appeal to emotion

Question 4

Logos

Answer 4

Appeal to logic / reason

Question 5

Three Branches of Rhetoric

Answer 5

1. Forensic / Judicial (Past)
2. Deliberative / Political (Future)
3. Epideictic / Oratory (Present)

Question 6

Forensic (Judicial) Rhetoric - Two Branches

Answer 6

1. Morality
   i. Justice (+)
   ii. Injustice (-)
2. Legality
   i. Legal (+)
   ii. Illegal (-)

• Deals with judgement
• Courtroom
• Want to convince audience something did or didn’t happen
• An action can be illegal, but just.
• An action can be legal, but unjust.

Question 7

Deliberative (Political) Rhetoric - Two Branches

Answer 7

1. Morality (higher plane of decision-making) (ideals)
   i. Virtue (+)
   ii. Vice (-)
2. Interest (personal gain) (material)
   i. Advantage (+)
   ii. Disadvantage (-)

• Deals with judgement
• Want to convince audience to take action
• What action should occur in the future
• DJT saying we need to build the wall

Question 8

Epideictic (Oratory) Branch

Answer 8

• Associated with the present
• Doesn’t expect audience to do anything
• Creates emotion through PRAISE (+) & BLAME (-)
• End goal : audience feels something

Question 9

Five Canons of Rhetoric

Answer 9

1. Invention
2. Arrangement
3. Style
4. Memory
5. Delivery

Question 10

Invention

Answer 10

• Discovery of proofs
• What arguments are available that will appeal to my audience?
• Want to make sure the audience with decode the message exactly how you encoded it

Question 11

Arrangement

Answer 11

• Shaping of argument

Question 12

Style (Three Types)

Answer 12

• Giving argument a form in language

1. High Style
   - Trying to sound elite
   - High tone
   - Big words
   - Shakespeare prose
2. Middle Style
   - Jargon that only certain people (in a certain field or profession) would know
   - Elevated audience
3. Plain Style
   - Common language
   - Most people are familiar with
   - Not necessarily low brow

Question 13

Memory

Answer 13

• Absorbing the argument
• Makes speaker look like speech is extemporaneous & coming from the heart when spontaneous
• Teleprompters make speaker seem inauthentic
• Establishes ethos

Question 14

Delivery

Answer 14

• Putting the argument across

Question 15

Six Parts of a Speech

Answer 15

1. Exordium (Ethos)
2. Narration
3. Division
4. Proof (Logos)
5. Refutation
6. Peroration (Pathos)

Question 16

Exordium (Ethos)

Answer 16

• First part of a speech

- Convinces people they should listen to the rest of the speech

Question 17

Narration

Answer 17

• Second part of a speech
• Sets out the facts as generally understood / everyone agrees on
• Helps others person understand stakes & rules of the debate

Question 18

Division

Answer 18

• Third part of a speech
• Sets out the areas of disagreement
• Explains how your view or argument differs from others

Question 19

Proof (Logos)

Answer 19

• Fourth part of a speech
• Lays out evidence
• Humanizes / characterizes people in examples
• Empirical

Question 20

Refutation

Answer 20

• Fifth part of a speech
• Refutes opponent’s arguments
• Doesn’t have to be fully articulate
• Can just refute their strongest point

Question 21

Peroration (Pathos)

Answer 21

• Sixth part of a speech
• Sum up
• Restatement of proof
• Transcend the argument
• Reframe it to appeal to emotion so the audience wants to do what you want them to do
• Last thing you want stuck in their head

Question 22

Conjectural Stasis

Answer 22

• Deals with questions of fact
• Did he commit the crime?
• What evidence is there?
• Did this happen or not?

Question 23

Definitional Stasis

Answer 23

• Deals with questions of definition
• Not challenging what happened, just how to label it
• What kind of crime did he commit?
• Was this murder or manslaughter?
• Was it premeditated?
• What do we call what happened?

Question 24

Qualitative Stasis

Answer 24

• Deals with questions of quality
• Was it legal or was it just?
• Could weigh in on definitional stasis

Question 25

Translative Stasis

Answer 25

- Deals with questions of jurisdiction - Is this the right court to be trying the question? - State or Federal Court? - Civil or criminal? - Legitimacy - Public opinion - Is this the right place to determine whether he did this or not?

Question 26

Humor

Answer 26

- Part of style - Based on common agreement if both sides laugh - Self-deprecation levels speaker with audience - Endearing to acknowledge flaws - Helps speaker relate to audience

Question 27

Cadence

Answer 27

- Part of style - How speeches sound - Using repetition or repetitious sounds - Get things stuck in audience's head

Question 28

Auxesis

Answer 28

- Cranking things up - Using inflated language - Hyperboles - "American carnage"

Question 29

Circumlocutio

Answer 29

- Talk around a point - Refer to a person or situation without specifically mentioning it - DJT referring to Elizabeth Warren as Pochahontas

Question 30

Enargia

Answer 30

- Orator tries to paint a picture really vividly so that the audience can see it - DJT's description of sex trafficking at SOTU

Question 31

Hypophera

Answer 31

- Propose a question & immediately answer it - Make audience feel smart - Used to spark interest

Question 32

Kairos

Answer 32

- Extent to which the language of a speaker fits social or cultural context - Time, location, audience - Why a speech works in the time that it works

Question 33

Occultatio

Answer 33

- Talking about something while saying you're not going to | - "I'm not going bring up your husband's infidelity but..."

Question 34

Paronomasia

Answer 34

- Wordplay

Question 35

Syllogism

Answer 35

- Proof | - x + y = z

Question 36

Enthymeme

Answer 36

- If you agree with x, then you agree with y | - a = b

Question 37

Synthome

Answer 37

- a = b and b = c, therefore a = c