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Psychopathology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

erotomantic delusions

A

another person, usually of higher status, is in love with you

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2
Q

grandiose type delusions

A

inflated worth, power, knowledge, identiy, or relationship with a diety or celebrity

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3
Q

jealous type delusions

A

one’s sexual partner is unfaithful

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4
Q

persecutory type delusions

A

self or other is being treated malevolently

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5
Q

somatic type delusions

A

physical problems

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6
Q

mixed type delusions

A

one or more equal themes

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7
Q

unspecified type

A

predominant type is not listed

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8
Q

symptoms of catatonia

A

stupor, catalepsy, waxy flexibility, mutism, negativistm, posturing, mannerism, sterotypy, agitation, grimacing, echolalia, echopraxia

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9
Q

stupor

A

no psychomotor activity; not actively relating to the environment

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10
Q

catalepsy

A

seizure or trance with a loss of sensation and consciousness accompanied by rigidity of the body (e.g., passive taking of a posture held against gravity)

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11
Q

waxy flexibility

A

decreased response to stimuli and a tendency to remain in an immobile posture (e.g., slight, even resistance to positioning)

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12
Q

mutism

A

no or very little verbal response (exclude if known aphasia – inability to understand or express speech)

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13
Q

negativism

A

opposition or no response to instructions or external stimuli

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14
Q

posturing

A

spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture against gravity

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15
Q

mannerism

A

odd, circumstantial caricature of normal actions

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16
Q

stereotypy

A

repetitive, abnormally frequent, non-goal-directed movements

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17
Q

echolalia

A

mimicking another’s speech

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18
Q

echopraxia

A

mimicking another’s movements

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19
Q

avolition

A

decrease in motivation to initiate and perform self-directed, purposeful activites

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20
Q

alogia

A

poverty of speech

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21
Q

anhedonia

A

decreased ability to experience pleasure and lessned ability to recall previously experienced pleasurable activites

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22
Q

disorganized speech

A

word salad, or quickly jumping from one unrelated topic to another

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23
Q

localized amnesia

A

failure to recall events during a circumscribed period of time (most common type)

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24
Q

generalized amnesia

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A

complete loss of memory for one’s life history (rare)

25
systematized amnesia
losing memory for a specific cateogry of formation (e.g., all family memories or childhood sexual abuse memories)
26
continuous amnesia
forgetting each new event as it occurs (50 first dates)
27
pseudocyesis
objective signs and reported symptoms of pregnancy without an actual pregnancy (Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder)
28
cataplexy
brief episodes of sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone with maintained consciousness that are precipitated by laughter or joking OR spontaneous grimaces or jaw-opening episodes. One of 3 criteria to dx narcolepsy
29
what is early remission of substance use disorder?
3-12 months
30
what is sustained remission of substance use disorder?
12+ months
31
depersonalization
feeling detached from oneself ("I feel like a robot"; out-of body experience)
32
derealization
feeling detached from surroundings, as in a fog or a dream, surroundings are colorless or artificial, often accompanied by visual/auditory disturbances
33
dystonia
spastic contraction of muscle groups (mainly in neck, eyes, torso); a side effect of schizophrenia meds
34
akathisia
inner restlessness (can't sit still, pacing); a side effect of schizophrenia meds
35
tardive dyskinesia
causes stiff, jerky movements of face and body that are out of one's control; side effect of sustained medication expsoure - schizophrenia meds
36
what are three things you must make sure when diagnosing with the DSM-5?
the disorder is not due to a medical condition or use of a substance; the disorder causes clinically significant distress or impairment
37
what scale is used to determine distress or impairment?
WHODAS 2.0 - used to be the GAF. With the World Health Org Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, you assess for the past 30 days. 0=no disability; 100=full disability
38
it is preferable to use a X diagnosis rather than a X
better to use unspecified than deferred diagnosis
39
what does the "provisional" specifier mean?
you presume the full criteria for a disorder will be met eventually
40
when a mental disorder is due to a general medical condition or a substance-induced disorder is responsible for the symptoms, what goes first in the diagnosis?
the medical disorder or the substance-induced disorder. ex: Cocaine-Induced Mood Disorder preempts Major Depressive Disorder
41
Changes from the DSM-IV
NOS is gone no more Axes diagnosing Mental Retardation replaced with intellectual disability/intellectual development disorder communication disorders are a new name Autism Spectrum displaces Asperger's Rhett's Childhood disintegrative disorder is gone Anxiety Disorders are now separate from OCD and PTSD Panic disorder and Agoraphobia are no longer linked New OCD disorders (hoarding, excoriation, substance/medication induced) Dissociative fugue is no longer distinct, but a specifier on Dissociative Amnesia Somatoform/hypochondriasis have been renamed Binge Eating Disorder and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Restless Legs Syndrome are new Lots of changes to Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
42
What is one section that specifically did not really change in the DSM-5?
personality disorders (too much backlash)
43
strengths of DSM diagnoses
common language clearer treatment planning and treatment comparison improves reliability of diagnosing (all using the same handbook) used to collect and communicate public health statistics funding/IRB for research may require DSM language/diagnoses needed for insurance reimbursement sometimes used in legal cases (but caution! this is not the purpose!)
44
limitations of DSM diagnoses
human individuality - we all present differently different interviewing styles lead to different diagnoses obtained even when faced with identical information, clinicians still may come to different conclusions
45
what is a subtype?
a mutually exclusive subgrouping within a code. the client only gets one based on which subtype they fit.
46
what is a specifier?
provides an opportunity to define a more homogenous subgrouping of people with a disorder who share certain features
47
cultural syndromes
clusters of symptoms and attributions that tend to co-occur among individuals in specific cultural groups
48
cultural idioms of distress
ways of expressing distress that may not involve specific symptoms or syndromes, but that provide collective, shared ways of experiencing and talking about personal or social concerns
49
cultural explanations or perceived causes
labels, attributions, or features of an explanatory model that indicate culturally recognized meaning or etiology for symptoms, illness, or distress
50
criticisms of the DSM as a whole
"popular" disorders seem to come and go diagnoses are culturally constructed (homosexuality) a lot of "what" but no "why" - etiology a diagnosis can become a self-fulfilling prophecy medicalization of "normality" and too many resources going to the "worried well" can have negative impacts on the person being diagnoses (commitment to hospital, social and legal stigma, guardianship and custody of children) a diagnosis can narrow a counselor's focus and lead her to look only for diagnosis-confirming behaviors (Rosenhan's hospital experiment)
51
what was the first billion dollar drug?
Valium (prescribed to women for vague symptoms)
52
anchoring or primacy bias
won't abandon what you learned at the beginning
53
confirmatory bias
focusing on evidence that supports rather than disconfirms your hypothesis
54
underutilization of base rates
failing to consider base rates of disorder - you may overpredict or underpredict the disorder
55
inaccuracy from overreliance on memory
likelihood to decrease accurate information recall and increase in judgment bias
56
diagnosis momentum
assigning a particular diagnosis without adequate evidence. gathers momentum over time so that it may appear accurate
57
allegiance effect
formation of opinions in favor of one party rather than an objective assessment
58
fundamental attribution error
attributing more weight to disposition than the situational circumstances when considering a person's behavior (they're crazy, not crazy w/in situation?)
59
according to HIPPA, diagnoses are...
NOT protected health information

Psychopathology (2 decks)

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