Midterm Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
Primary mover akas?
A
Agonist
Initiator
2
Q
Secondary mover akas?
A
Synergist
Facilitator
3
Q
Tertiary muscle = ?
A
agonist
Inhibitor
4
Q
What are some contraindications for muscle testing?
A
FX
Dislocation
Severe joint instability
Children
5
Q
List the cautions for muscle testing
A
Osteoporosis
Cancer
Suspected Fracture
6
Q
Sagittal plane aka ?
A
Median plane
7
Q
Coronal plane aka ?
A
Frontal
8
Q
Transverse plane aka ?
A
Horizontal
9
Q
Bilateral axis aka ?
A
Coronal
10
Q
A-P axis aka ?
A
Sagittal
11
Q
VLP stands for?
A
Vertical, longitudinal, Polar
12
Q
What does Cardinal mean?
A
Equal division of parts
13
Q
Rotation occurs in what plane?
A
Transverse
14
Q
Abduction and Adduction occur along what axis?
A
A-P/Sagittal
15
Q
What is a secondary plane?
A
Any motion away from the centre of gravity
16
Q
T or F
The goniometer measures pure motion
A
True
17
Q
What is pure motion?
A
1 axis & 1 plane at a time
18
Q
What are the 1 plane/axis joints?
A
Elbow
Knee
DIPS/PIPS
19
Q
T or F
All flexion and extension in body = sagittal plane except the elbow
A
False
All except THUMB
20
Q
Describe the position of the thumb during flexion
A
Rests on the 2nd and 3rd MCP Joint
21
Q
Describe the thumb position in extension
A
Thumb almost parallel to the wrist
22
Q
T or F
Thumb perpendicular to the wrist is its position in adduction
A
False
That is describing abduction
Adduction = thumb beside the 2nd digit
23
Q
What plane and axis does opposition of the thumb occur?
A
Oblique plane
Oblique axis
24
Q
The motion of pronation and supination occurs in what plane around what axis?
A
Transverse/Horizontal Plane
VPL axis
25
What are the combined special motion of pronation of the foot?
```
PabED
Prontation
Abduction
Eversion
Dorsiflexion
```
26
Supination of the ankle incorporates what motions?
```
SaddIP
Supination
Adduction
Inversion
Plantar flexion
```
27
T or F
Over supination can give a genu valgus
False
Genu varus
28
When observing scapular motion what is the reference point?
Inferior angle of scapula
29
Where is the centre of gravity?
Slightly anterior to the first or second sacral tubercle
30
Abduction of the shoulder and hip occur in what plane? Axis?
```
Plane = Coronal/frontal
Axis = AP/Sagittal
```
31
Radial deviation occurs around what axis? In what plane?
```
Axis = Sagittal/AP
Plane = Coronal/Frontal
```
32
T or F
Plantar flexion of the ankle occurs in the bilateral plane around a sagittal axis
False
```
Plane = Sag/Med
Axis = Bilateral
```
33
Opposition of the thumb occurs in what plane and around what axis?
Oblique and Oblique
34
Describe the scapular movement of protraction
Inferior angle moves anterior and lateral around the rib cage
35
+X = ?
Left translation
36
Right Translation = ___ (XYZ coordinate)
-X
37
Cephalad translation in the XYZ coordination system = ?
+Y
38
Anterior translation = ?
+Z
39
Describe the Plumb line analysis from S to I
```
Slightly behind coronal suture
EAM
Dens
Lumbar bodies
Sacral Promintory
Greater Trochanter
Ant to Knee Joint - behind the patella
Ant to Lat Malleolus
```
40
If a person has anterior head translation what muscle must they strengthen and stretch?
Strengthen Scalenes
| Stretch Neck...
41
Describe what muscles will be tight and weak with a Hyperlordosis
```
Tight = erector spinae, quads and sartorius
Weak = abs & hamstrings
```
42
Where does the Psoas insert?
Lesser Trochanter
43
Where does the Levator Scapulae insert?
Medial border of scapula
44
What is the main action of the Lats?
Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus
45
T or F
Pec Major inserts into the coracoid process of the scapula
False
That is the pec minor
Pec major = inter tubercular groove of humerus
46
T or F
The Serratus Anterior does not attach to the medial border of the scapula
False
47
What is the main action of Pec Major
Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm at shoulder
| Extension of flexed arm
48
What is the main action of Piriformis?
Laterally rotates extended thigh at hip and abducts flexed thigh at hip
49
T or F
Glut Min and Med abduct and laterally rotate thigh at hip
False
medially rotate!!!
50
T or F
Glut Max extends the thigh at the hip and assists in its lateral rotation
True
51
Main action of Sartorius
Flexes
Abducts and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
Flexes Knee
52
Innervation of TFL?
Superior Gluteal Nerve
53
T or F
The TFL helps with lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint
False
Medially rotates
* also abducts thigh and helps to keep knee extended
54
Does a medial foot strike give you a genu valgus or varus?
Valgus
55
Lateral foot strike = genu _____
Varus
56
Weakened muscle will have what characteristics?
Stretched/elongated
| Loss of tone
57
What characteristics will we see with a strong muscle
Hypertonic
Spastic
Contracted
58
T or F
With a weakened gluteus maximus the femur head drops and we get a genu valgus ipsilaterally
True
**knee flexion deformity and a long leg
59
How does a shortened TFL affect the body?
Genu Valgus
Knee flexion deformity
Short Leg
Internal hip rotation, toe in, abduction
60
Describe the biomechanical affects of a shortened Piriformis
Genu Varus
| External foot flare on hip flexion
61
T or F
When you QL is shortened you will have a convex scoliosis on side of shortened muscle
True
62
Describe some of the effects of wearing a heel that tis 2-4 inches
```
Bunions
Dropped metatarsal heads
Sacral angle changes to greater than 45 degrees
Sway back
Shortened gastrocnemius
```
63
T or F
The stance phase of gate represents 40% of the gait cycle
False
60%
64
What are the 4 parts of the Stance phase...
1. Heel strike
2. Foot flat
3. Mid stance
4. Push off
65
What conditions would cause problems with the heel strike?
Heel Spurs, plantar fasciitis
66
List some conditions that might give you problems with the push off phase
```
Bunions
Gout
Hallicus Rigidis (OA)
```
67
In terms of duration what is the difference between plantar fasciitis and heel spurs?
```
Fasciitis = limp when you get out of bed for a while but gets better as the day goes on
Spurr = hurts every step you take
```
68
What is a normal wear pattern on shoes?
L -> M
69
What will over supination do to the wear pattern on shoes?
Stays more on the lateral side of the foot and across the MTP joints
70
You notice a friend is running with a genu valgus position and she is landing on the medial aspect of the foot what type of gait pattern?
Over pronation, eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion
71
Walking wider than normal width of the base during gait what is the likely problem? What is normal width of base during walking?
Cerebellar Dysfxn
| 2-4 inches
72
Left weakened rectus abdomens will cause the lumbar curve over a period of time to do what?
Left Scoliosis **gotta research this
73
When assessing trunk flexion in infants, the lumbar lordosis should begin to present itself by how many months?
8
74
What muscle would you test if you suspected your pt may have the conditioned called "winging" of the scapula and what is the innervation controlling this muscle?
Winging = SERRATUS ANTERIOR - Long thoracic
75
If a patient tells you they are having difficulty keeping themselves from falling forward and all CN8 tests are unremarkable. Cerebellar tests are also unremarkable. What is the most likely cause of their problem?
Soleus or Gastroc weakness
76
The extremes that a muscle can be stretched and shortened is termed...
Amplitude
