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ANLS 3715: Muscle & Gait > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Primary mover akas?

A

Agonist

Initiator

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2
Q

Secondary mover akas?

A

Synergist

Facilitator

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3
Q

Tertiary muscle = ?

A

agonist

Inhibitor

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4
Q

What are some contraindications for muscle testing?

A

FX
Dislocation
Severe joint instability
Children

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5
Q

List the cautions for muscle testing

A

Osteoporosis
Cancer
Suspected Fracture

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6
Q

Sagittal plane aka ?

A

Median plane

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7
Q

Coronal plane aka ?

A

Frontal

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8
Q

Transverse plane aka ?

A

Horizontal

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9
Q

Bilateral axis aka ?

A

Coronal

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10
Q

A-P axis aka ?

A

Sagittal

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11
Q

VLP stands for?

A

Vertical, longitudinal, Polar

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12
Q

What does Cardinal mean?

A

Equal division of parts

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13
Q

Rotation occurs in what plane?

A

Transverse

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14
Q

Abduction and Adduction occur along what axis?

A

A-P/Sagittal

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15
Q

What is a secondary plane?

A

Any motion away from the centre of gravity

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16
Q

T or F

The goniometer measures pure motion

A

True

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17
Q

What is pure motion?

A

1 axis & 1 plane at a time

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18
Q

What are the 1 plane/axis joints?

A

Elbow
Knee
DIPS/PIPS

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19
Q

T or F

All flexion and extension in body = sagittal plane except the elbow

A

False

All except THUMB

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20
Q

Describe the position of the thumb during flexion

A

Rests on the 2nd and 3rd MCP Joint

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21
Q

Describe the thumb position in extension

A

Thumb almost parallel to the wrist

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22
Q

T or F

Thumb perpendicular to the wrist is its position in adduction

A

False

That is describing abduction
Adduction = thumb beside the 2nd digit

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23
Q

What plane and axis does opposition of the thumb occur?

A

Oblique plane

Oblique axis

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24
Q

The motion of pronation and supination occurs in what plane around what axis?

A

Transverse/Horizontal Plane

VPL axis

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25
Q

What are the combined special motion of pronation of the foot?

A 
PabED
Prontation
Abduction
Eversion
Dorsiflexion
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26
Q

Supination of the ankle incorporates what motions?

A 
SaddIP
Supination
Adduction
Inversion
Plantar flexion
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27
Q

T or F

Over supination can give a genu valgus

A

False

Genu varus

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28
Q

When observing scapular motion what is the reference point?

A

Inferior angle of scapula

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29
Q

Where is the centre of gravity?

A

Slightly anterior to the first or second sacral tubercle

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30
Q

Abduction of the shoulder and hip occur in what plane? Axis?

A 
Plane = Coronal/frontal
Axis = AP/Sagittal
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31
Q

Radial deviation occurs around what axis? In what plane?

A 
Axis = Sagittal/AP
Plane = Coronal/Frontal
32
Q

T or F

Plantar flexion of the ankle occurs in the bilateral plane around a sagittal axis

A

False

Plane = Sag/Med
Axis = Bilateral
33
Q

Opposition of the thumb occurs in what plane and around what axis?

A

Oblique and Oblique

34
Q

Describe the scapular movement of protraction

A

Inferior angle moves anterior and lateral around the rib cage

35
Q

+X = ?

A

Left translation

36
Q

Right Translation = ___ (XYZ coordinate)

A

-X

37
Q

Cephalad translation in the XYZ coordination system = ?

A

+Y

38
Q

Anterior translation = ?

A

+Z

39
Q

Describe the Plumb line analysis from S to I

A 
Slightly behind coronal suture
EAM
Dens
Lumbar bodies
Sacral Promintory
Greater Trochanter 
Ant to Knee Joint - behind the patella
Ant to Lat Malleolus
40
Q

If a person has anterior head translation what muscle must they strengthen and stretch?

A

Strengthen Scalenes

Stretch Neck…

41
Q

Describe what muscles will be tight and weak with a Hyperlordosis

A 
Tight = erector spinae, quads and sartorius
Weak = abs & hamstrings
42
Q

Where does the Psoas insert?

A

Lesser Trochanter

43
Q

Where does the Levator Scapulae insert?

A

Medial border of scapula

44
Q

What is the main action of the Lats?

A

Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus

45
Q

T or F

Pec Major inserts into the coracoid process of the scapula

A

False

That is the pec minor
Pec major = inter tubercular groove of humerus

46
Q

T or F

The Serratus Anterior does not attach to the medial border of the scapula

A

False

47
Q

What is the main action of Pec Major

A

Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm at shoulder

Extension of flexed arm

48
Q

What is the main action of Piriformis?

A

Laterally rotates extended thigh at hip and abducts flexed thigh at hip

49
Q

T or F

Glut Min and Med abduct and laterally rotate thigh at hip

A

False

medially rotate!!!

50
Q

T or F

Glut Max extends the thigh at the hip and assists in its lateral rotation

A

True

51
Q

Main action of Sartorius

A

Flexes
Abducts and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
Flexes Knee

52
Q

Innervation of TFL?

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve

53
Q

T or F

The TFL helps with lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint

A

False

Medially rotates
* also abducts thigh and helps to keep knee extended

54
Q

Does a medial foot strike give you a genu valgus or varus?

A

Valgus

55
Q

Lateral foot strike = genu _____

A

Varus

56
Q

Weakened muscle will have what characteristics?

A

Stretched/elongated

Loss of tone

57
Q

What characteristics will we see with a strong muscle

A

Hypertonic
Spastic
Contracted

58
Q

T or F

With a weakened gluteus maximus the femur head drops and we get a genu valgus ipsilaterally

A

True

**knee flexion deformity and a long leg

59
Q

How does a shortened TFL affect the body?

A

Genu Valgus
Knee flexion deformity
Short Leg
Internal hip rotation, toe in, abduction

60
Q

Describe the biomechanical affects of a shortened Piriformis

A

Genu Varus

External foot flare on hip flexion

61
Q

T or F

When you QL is shortened you will have a convex scoliosis on side of shortened muscle

A

True

62
Q

Describe some of the effects of wearing a heel that tis 2-4 inches

A 
Bunions
Dropped metatarsal heads 
Sacral angle changes to greater than 45 degrees 
Sway back
Shortened gastrocnemius
63
Q

T or F

The stance phase of gate represents 40% of the gait cycle

A

False

60%

64
Q

What are the 4 parts of the Stance phase…

A
  1. Heel strike
  2. Foot flat
  3. Mid stance
  4. Push off
65
Q

What conditions would cause problems with the heel strike?

A

Heel Spurs, plantar fasciitis

66
Q

List some conditions that might give you problems with the push off phase

A 
Bunions
Gout
Hallicus Rigidis (OA)
67
Q

In terms of duration what is the difference between plantar fasciitis and heel spurs?

A 
Fasciitis = limp when you get out of bed for a while but gets better as the day goes on
Spurr = hurts every step you take
68
Q

What is a normal wear pattern on shoes?

A

L -> M

69
Q

What will over supination do to the wear pattern on shoes?

A

Stays more on the lateral side of the foot and across the MTP joints

70
Q

You notice a friend is running with a genu valgus position and she is landing on the medial aspect of the foot what type of gait pattern?

A

Over pronation, eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion

71
Q

Walking wider than normal width of the base during gait what is the likely problem? What is normal width of base during walking?

A

Cerebellar Dysfxn

2-4 inches

72
Q

Left weakened rectus abdomens will cause the lumbar curve over a period of time to do what?

A

Left Scoliosis **gotta research this

73
Q

When assessing trunk flexion in infants, the lumbar lordosis should begin to present itself by how many months?

A

8

74
Q

What muscle would you test if you suspected your pt may have the conditioned called “winging” of the scapula and what is the innervation controlling this muscle?

A

Winging = SERRATUS ANTERIOR - Long thoracic

75
Q

If a patient tells you they are having difficulty keeping themselves from falling forward and all CN8 tests are unremarkable. Cerebellar tests are also unremarkable. What is the most likely cause of their problem?

A

Soleus or Gastroc weakness

76
Q

The extremes that a muscle can be stretched and shortened is termed…

A

Amplitude

ANLS 3715: Muscle & Gait (6 decks)

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