midterm

Question 1

how many bones are in the foot

how many are metatarsal bones

Answer 1

26

5

Question 2

what are some contraindications of massage

Answer 2

Edema- accumulation of fluid in the foot, blood vessel fluid loss

Varicose Veins- valves of veins fail to prevent back flow causing veins to swell

others include: open wounds/cuts, bruises, broken bones, burns, contagious diseases, blood clots, cancer, inflammation, pregnancy

Question 3

levels of infection control

Answer 3

1. Sanitization- removing debris, washing hands and counter tops
2. Disinfection- slows growth of bacteria, killing bacteria and viruses (not spores), unless blood came in contact with implements
3. Sterilization- killing all microbial life, ex: autoclave pressurized steam, CS20 for 24 hours

Question 4

difference between Effleurage and Petrissage

Answer 4

E- gentle, relaxes sensory nerve endings, start and end of massage

P- kneading, squeezing, and pressing tissue

Question 5

what type of joint is the patella knee joint

Answer 5

a hinge joint

ankle, elbow, and knee

Question 6

what to do with clients that have signs of a nail disease

3 things

Answer 6

• look for signs of infection or inflammation during analysis pre service (redness, pain, heat, swelling, pus)
• do not provide service
• do not diagnose, refer them to a physician for a medical exam

Question 7

Onychia, disease or disorder

Answer 7

Disease

Inflamed matrix and shedding of nail

Question 8

Onychocryptosis, disease or disorder

Answer 8

Disease

Ingrown nails

Question 9

Onycholysis, disease or disorder

Answer 9

Disease

Separation of nail plate from the nail bed

Question 10

Onychomadesis, disease or disorder

Answer 10

Disease

Separation and falling off of nail plate from the bed

Question 11

Onychomycosis, disease or disorder

Answer 11

Disease

Fungal infection of nail plate

Question 12

Paranychia, disease or disorder

Answer 12

Disease

Bacterial infection of tissues around nail plate

Question 13

Pyogenic Granuloma, disease or disorder

Answer 13

Disease

Severe inflammation, a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate

Question 14

Tinea Pedis, disease or disorder

Answer 14

Disease

Red itchy patches of skin an the bottom of feet and or between toes

Question 15

Eggshell nails, disease or disorder

Answer 15

Disorder
thin white plate, too flexible, caused by improper diet, hereditary factors, disease, overfilling and or buffering, injury to matrix, medication

Question 16

Hangnail, disease or disorder

Answer 16

Disorder
Damaged skin attached to the living skin around the nail plate (often on the eponychium) becomes split or torn
*can be trimmed

Question 17

Nail Psoriasis, disease or disorder

Answer 17

Disorder

nail surface pitting, roughness, onycholysis (separation), and bed discolouration

Question 18

Pincer and trumpet nails, disease or disorder

Answer 18

Disorders

dramatic nail curvature

Question 19

the natural nail unit refers to

Answer 19

all parts of the finger from the tip to the first knuckle

• integumentary system
• nail is called the onyx

Question 20

Describe a normal, healthy nail

Answer 20

• firm and flexible
• shiny
• slightly pink
• smooth and unspotted
• no splits or deep grooves
• 100 layers
• water content 15-25%

Question 21

Nail Plate
Free edge
Nail bed

Answer 21

NP- hardened keratin, formed by matrix cells

FE- extends from tip pf fingerer toe

NB- supports and attached to plate, extends from lunula, supplied with many nerves

Question 22

Matrix

Answer 22

where all nail plate cells are formed, contains nerves, lymph, and blood vessels to nourish nails
-the visible part of the matrix is the lunula

Question 23

Cuticle
Eponychium
Hyponychium

Answer 23

C- dead tissue on nail plate

E- living skin at the base of the nail plate before the proximal fold covering the matrix

H -between nail plate and fingertip, barrier to protect the nail bed from invasion of bacteria

Question 24

Specialized ligaments

Answer 24

attaches nail bed and matrix to the underlying bone

Question 25

nail growth facts (3)

Answer 25

- avg 1/8 inch per month - middle finger grows the quickest, thumb slowest - faster in summer than winter

Question 26

nail malformation

Answer 26

when matrix is damaged from injury, disease, or infection - replacement of finger nails takes 4-6 months - toes take 9months to a year

Question 27

6 functions of the skeletal system

Answer 27

- movement - attachment for muscles - protect internal organs - shape and body framework - stores calcium - makes white and red blood cells in bone marrow

Question 28

Gout

Answer 28

is a type of arthritis that causes swelling the joints by build up of uric acid in the blood. surrounding skin may look red and inflamed

Question 29

Chilblains

Answer 29

small itchy swellings that that occur as reaction to cold temp turns red or dark blue in worse case, skin will break open and infection can occur