Midterm Flashcards by Max O

all populations of all species in an area

community

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group organisms share traits

taxon

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single/multi celled

breaks down material and absorbs

fungua

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multicelled
consumer
develops
moves

animal

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element

same number of protons

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charged atom

ion

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number protons

determines elemtn

atomic number

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dissolved substance

solute

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compound

mixture

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istopope with unstable nucleus

radioisotope

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liquid that dissolves others

solvent

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isotopes differ in number of

neutrons

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measure of molecular motion

temp

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acid

releases hydrogen ions in water

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of an isotope, total number protons and neutrons in nucleus

mass number

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accepts hydrogen ions in water

base

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ph measures

hydrogen in fluid

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An acidic solution has a _____ concentration of hydrogen ions

high

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vocable bonding between glucose monomers makes highly branded chains

glycogen

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spiral

starch

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linear structure aa

primary structure

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short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

petide

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amino acid parts

carboxyl group
amine group
R group
central carbon

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molecular change

reaction

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fatty acid

carbon atom chain | acidic carboxyl group one end

phosphate group | tail

phospholipid

Difference

Philic head | Phobic tails

Parts of nucleotid

five c sugar phosphate groups nitrogenous base

steroids don't have

tails

three fa tails

triglyceride

glycerol molecule with fa

fat

defines aa

r geoup

different in solute concentration

concentration gradient

organic cofactor

coenzyme

cofactors

help enzymes

low solute

hypertonic

ATP can be a

cofactor

control of enzyme activity by a regulatory molecule or ion that binds to a region outside the enzyme's active site

allosteric regulation

amount of turgor to prevent osmosis

osmotic pressure

change results from activity stops the activity

feedback inhibition

reactant that enzyme acts upon

substrate

substrate binds to active site, improved fit

induced fit moduel

algae/blue red

engelman

second stage

use atp and nadph to make sugars from water and co2

PGAL

fixes carbon in two cell types

Visible light

380 to 750

PGA

stroma between

outer membranes/thylakoid membrane

photosystems work together

noncyclic

conserves water | twice at different times

CAM

Carbo fixing eny

rubisco

ATP Synthase in the

thylakoid membrane

oxalacetate

breaks pyruvate down

acetyl coa

direct transfer phosphate group from substrate to aDP

substrate-level phsophoyrlation

Six carbon to pyruvate

glycolysis `

fermentation need o2

CH3

methyl

transcirption factor 2

activator or repressor

do tF bind directly to DNA

yes

is sry master gene

eye gene

PAX6

XIST transcribed onto

one of two x

acetyl groups

COCH3

home domains bind to

promoter or other

where does an activator bind?

enhancer

atomic mass almost eq to

atomic number

Carbs stuff

CHO 121

Lipids stuff

CHO not set ratio

Proteins stuff

CHONS no set ratio

Nucleic acids stuff

CHONP

Carbs Fg

hydroxyl OH

Lipids fg

Hydroxyl carboxyl

Proteins fg

amino group, carboxyl, R group

NC fg

Phosphate

What do repressors bind to?

Promoters or silencers

Activatrs?

Recruit RNA polymerase to promoter

Activators bind to?

enhancers

fibronectin is

soluble

fibroblasts is

insolublw

Polyten is a

transcription factor

mRna locatlization, alternative splicing number

cap zip code, rNA interference

translation

where does gene expression begin

unfertilized egg

abcd

sepals petals stamens carpet

funky one is

colleen -- lipid

table is

fatty acid chain

what forms in acetyl coach

nadh

Lighdependent

convert light to atp and nadph

light indpdent

atp and nadph drive sugars from water and co2

H plus go

from storm to thylakoid compartment

Photo reactants

water, energy

photosynthesis prodcuts

sugar, 02

1 and 2 are both

substrate level phso

In ETC what donates electrons

N aDH and FADH2

fermentation regenerates

nad plus

NADH times