Midterm Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
The four main branches of nitrogen based compounds includes
A
The amean group
Nitrocompounds,isocyanates,
nitriles,
2
Q
Hydrogen Atomswill always bond themselves to multiple other Atoms
A
False
3
Q
An oligomer is a low molecular weight polymer consisting of a few repeating monomer units dimers, trimers, and tetramers
A
True
4
Q
Assets consist of Atoms from Alkyl,carbon, oxygen and hydrogen groups
A
True
5
Q
(=) this symbol is an example of a _______bond
A
Double
6
Q
C3O the zero means
A
Parafin
7
Q
List one of the characteristics of an aromatic
A
Sweet
8
Q
Benzene is a
A
Aromatic
9
Q
Propylene is a
A
Monomer
10
Q
Isomerization is a straight chain hydrocarbon
A
False
11
Q
A bond is the connection between two Atoms
A
True
12
Q
At 315° it is possible to get kerosene carryover in the overhead of the kerosene Pruduct
A
True
13
Q
Select all that apply, the distillation column operates on the principles of
A
Gravity, temperature change,
14
Q
The temperature at which product is 100% vaporized is called the
A
End point
15
Q
As vapor moves up the distilling column it’s temperature
A
Decreases
16
Q
Packed columns are less likely to fail that bubble Cap trays
A
False
17
Q
Actual amount of product coming out of the reactor, theoretical amount of product that should come out
A
Yield
18
Q
In a typical still, the process is to separate ethyl alcohol from the unfermentedmash
A
False
19
Q
What goes in must come out
A
Columns equilibrium
20
Q
To purify the overhead product when heavier bottoms material gets into the overhead the operator must decrease the reflux to the column
A
False
21
Q
Fouling a distillation unit can be caused by
A
All are correct, salt, sand, iron oxide, minerals
22
Q
Prior to liquid refluxing back to the column the overhead vapormust be condensed back to a liquid
A
True
23
Q
This dilation involves separating two different mixtures by their boiling points
A
True
24
Q
The purpose of the cat cracker is to convert_______to gasoline
A
Straight run cut
25
A_____Reaction takes place when regenerating the catalyst
Exothermic
26
Cat crackers have better yields during the day light hours
False
27
Cat cracker feed usually comes from The ________ and the________
Distilling column ,flasher
28
Spent catalyst has________deposited on it
Coke
29
To circulation flows of the cat cracking unit or
Regenerated catalyst, cycle oil,
30
Feed quality of affects the product-yields, select the factors that affect the product yield
Feed gravity, paraffin contents, naphthene contents, aromatic contents
31
The higher the reaction temperature the lower the gasoline and CLGO yields will be
True
32
List the flow from the fractionator from top to bottom
Cat crack gasoline, cat cracked gasoline, cat cracked light gas oil, cat cracked heavy gas oil, cycle oil
33
During winter time many refinery go into the______yo make more heating oil.
Max distillate mode
34
The catalyst is very small and powdery and this gives the catalyst a very small surface area to react with the feed
False
35
Cat crackers fluid crackers and riser crackers differ in the type of catalyst used in the process
False
36
The fractionators separate the______,________and unreacted_______from the alkylate
Propane, butane, Isobutane,
37
Alkylation plants use either sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid as a catalyst
True
38
Select the main parts of a alkylation plant
Acid separator, caustic wash, reactor, cooler, fractionator
39
The acid is neutralized with_______in the wash
Caustic soda
40
A refining process in which ______ or butylene is reacted with______to form octane gasoline blending component alkylate.
Propylene, isobutane,
41
Alkylation has a volume metric effect on refining operations that is the inverse of cracking because there is a significant amount of
Shrinkage
42
During the alkylation process, a number of side reactions occur, select the side reaction chemicals that are formed
Butane, painting, propane, tar, brownish oil
43
As in cracking the weight in equals the weight out nothing gets lost only the______ and the _______change
Volumes, densities
44
Reaction temperatures to low cost the sulfuric acid to get
Syrupy
45
Propylene is used in gasoline blending to boost the octane content of the gasoline
False
46
The residence time of any one molecule is quite long about 45 to 55 minutes
False
47
When the Alki plant is down the butane/Butylene stream may find another home in Hydro processing
False
48
The separator separates the reformate from______ and ______
Lighter products
| Butane
49
The expensive components of the reforming catalysts are _____ and _____
Platinum,palladium
50
Semi regen reformers must be ahut down every ____ years to swap out the catalyst.
3
51
As the octane numbers go up the volume of reformate goes down
True
52
The other by products of cat reforming are ______ ______ _______ and ______
Propane
Ethanes
Butanes
Methane
53
Symptoms of aging catalyst are the decline of the reformate ______ or______ and the increase in yield of the_______
Yield
Octane numbers
Butanes and lighter
54
Catalytic reforming could upgrade the quality of these naphthas some with octane numbers in the range of 35 to 40 as much as _________ octane
90
55
When a cat reformer shuts down or maintenance or has an emergency ahutdown major parts of the refiner are affected by the shortage of hydrogen and have to shut down as well
True
56
To keep the catalyst from getting cokes up the reactor are dept filled with_______
Hydrogen
57
A continuous cat reformer has 3 furnaces.
False
58
Select the main parts of a catalytic reforming plant
Stabilizer
Reactor
Hydrogen separator
59
The three cat reforming reactions are exothermic
False
60
The selection of which residue reduction process to use depends on
Capital cost
Price of crude oil
Product market
61
The main difference between thermal cracking and cat cracking is that thermal cracking uses no catalyst to promote cracking.
True
62
The thermal cracked and coker C4 and lighter gas is sent to the ______ plant because it contains ______
Residue
| Hydrogen
63
The main product from the delayed coker fractionator are ____ _______ ______ and ______
Gasoline
Gas oil
C4 and lighter
Naphtha
64
The primary feed to the thermal cracker are
Caat cracker heavy cycle oils
Straight ru residue from distilling
Flasher bottoms
65
Delayed coke drums tipically run on a ______ hour cycle
48
66
The preferred technology refiners have preferred in recent years is
Delayed coking
67
The main difference between thermal cracking and coking is the production of_____ and _______
Coke
| Residue
68
The yield of coke in a flexicoker is
None
69
The hevier products fill up in the isulated coke drum untilall the carbons is cracked off
False
70
A visabreaker is the most efficient plant for residue reduction converting 85% feed to light oils
True
71
The process called hydrogenation is exothermic
True
72
The primary product blending components heading for the gasoline blending pool are called _____
Hudrocrackate
73
Feed to the hydrocracker is heated to _____
550 degrees to 750 degrees
74
Catalyst to the typica hydrocracker is mixed with the feed into the first stage reactors
False
75
Hydrocrackers are designed with 2 or 3 reactors
True
76
The hydrocracker generates isobutane for the alky plant and naphtha for the cat reformer and gets hydrogen back from the cat reformer.
True
77
In the 3rd stage reactor olefins and aromatics from naphthenes,parafins,and isoparafins
True
78
The primary feeds to the hydrocracker are
Heavy gas oil
Light gas oil
Straight run residue
79
The following equipment is in a typical hydrocracker
```
Fractionator
H2 separator
2nd stage reactor
Heater
1st stage reactor
```
80
20 degrees API heavy gas oils may require twice the amount of______ consumption as 33 degrees API light gas oil
Hydrogen
81
The H2 separator recycles hydrogen back to the _______
Reactor
82
The product yield of hydrocrackate from cat cracked light gas oil is______ by volume
80%
83
The gasoline hydrotreating reduces the olefins and aromatics content by saturating the double bonds with hydrogen.
True
84
Metals entrained in the oil reat with _____ to form chlorides
Chlorine
85
The distillation process is able to remove all traces of sulfur from the process
False
86
This process is passed through a vessel with an absorbent metal
Pressure swing adsorption
87
In order to provide a concentration of hydrogen stream the carbon dioxide can be separated from the hydrogen by a solvent extraction process this is called______
Gas purification
88
Pretreaters in front of the cat cracker and hydrocrackers protect the catalyst from getting fouled by ______,_______and _______.
Nitrogen,metals,sulfur,
89
Methane and steam (the H2O) are mixed and passed over a catalyst at about 1500 degrees resulting in the formation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen
True
90
The SCOT unit uses a cobalt molybdenum combination catalyst
True
91
In hydrotreating nitrogen compounds are converted to ______
Amonia
92
Most refineries store and ship sulfur in the molten state
True
93
The mostly wide used recovery of H2S is the solvent extraction process using _______
DEA
94
One specification pf jetfuel is _______
Smoke point
