Midterm Flashcards
Franz Joseph Haydn
1732-1809
Worked at Esterhazy
Haydn–Compositional Process
-Started by improvising at the keyboard
-worked out on keyboard and paper (usually 2 staves)
-wrote complete score
By own admission, composition was difficult for him
Haydn–Symphonies
"Father of the Symphony" wrote 104 typically 4 movements, all in same key except slow movement -fast w/slow intro -slow -minuet and trio -fast
Haydn–String Quartet
“Father of the String Quartet”
- shows a development of the genre from simple to concert performance quality
- demonstrates conversation between the instruments
Mozart
1756-1791
Mozart–Compositions
600
catalogued by Ludwig von Köchel
Mozart–Compositional Process
- worked out ideas in mind, complete to last detail
- transfered to paper
Mozart–Bach’s influence on Mozart’s style
- songful themes (lyricism)
- tasteful use of appoggiaturas and triplets
- harmonic ambiguities
- consistent thematic contrasts
Mozart–String Quartets
- wrote 27
- Finest are his 6 Haydn Quartets (dedicated to Haydn)
- more development and more contrapuntal writing between players
Mozart–Concertos
-considered his best writing of all genres
typical 3 mvt. pattern (F-S-F) first mvt had cadenzas (shows off ability of instrument and performer)
-used in concerts to display his abilities
-good balance between solo and orchestra
-interplay between winds
Mozart–Symphonies
- wrote 50
- show development of compositional skills and changes in his musical style
- span his professional career
Mozart–Opera
- Italian (worked with Lorenzo Da Ponte for 3 comic works)
- German (Die Zauberflöte [The Magic Flute]-often called the first great German opera)
Beethoven
1770-1827
Beethoven–Compositional Style
- wrote themes and plans in sketchbook
- worked out continuity of piece
- filled in details
- wrote music w/ great difficulty
Beethoven–Vienna
- moved to study w/Haydn
- felt that since Haydn was traveling so much it didn’t help
- studied with others
Beethoven–Piano Sonatas
15
Beethoven–Symphonies
9
- Symphony No. 1 most classical
- Symphony No. 3 in Eb Eroica
- Symphony No. 5 struggle for victory
- Symphony No. 6 beginning of programatic music (not programatic itself)
Beethoven–Fidelio
- rescue opera
- tyranny and freedom, personal strength and heroism
Beethoven–Missa Solemnis
- Mass in D
- regarded by Bethoven as his greatest work
- vocal and instrumental 5 mvt symphony
- choral treatment similar to Handel
Beethoven–Musical Characteristics
- more dynamic contrasts
- minor keys as main tonality
- development of motives
- does not follow standard organization of mvts
Romantic Movement
- uniqueness of an individual’s emotional life
- goal: not aesthetic satisfaction but emotional stimulation
Romantic Lied
Lied: a song for SOLO voice and PIANO based on a GERMAN poem
Schubert=Father of Lied
Schumann=successor to Schubert in lieder
Romantic Piano Music
3 categories
- teaching
- amateur enjoyment (printed in magazines)
- public performance
Romantic Orchestra
changes
- larger (grew 40-90)
- flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons
- extended ranges
- valves added to horns and trumpets (chromatic pitches)
- bass drum, triangle, others joined percussion
- wind and brass now equal with strings
- conductors standard in 19th c.
- theme is most important focus now
