Midterm

Question 1

What is meant by code in terms of language processing?

Answer 1

Connects form and meaning organized into a hierarchy (sentence, phrase, word, morpheme, phoneme)

Question 2

Association Models

Answer 2

1800s anatomists who looked at clear types of brain injury. Each lesion was associated with a specific linguistic feature.

Question 3

BDAE standardization

Answer 3

BDAE is standardized on PWA. This means that 50th percentile is in relation to other PWA.

Question 4

BDAE fluent vs. nonfluent

Answer 4

Fluency evaluated based on best 3-5 utterances of Conversational and Expository Speech subtest.

<5=nonfluent
> or equal to 5= fluent

Question 5

known vs. unknown contexts

Answer 5

In known context, client’s response is predictable (response to y/n questions/Cookie Theft description for example)

In unknown context, client’s response is unpredictable (conversational sample, for example)

Question 6

BDAE speech ratings (describe two ratings)

Answer 6

Speech is rated as either:
Agrammatic: usually nonfluent, lacks inflectional markers, prepositions, verbs, copulas
Paragrammatic: fluent with unsystematic omission of morphemes, nouns, verbs, adjectives

Question 7

BDAE Simple Social Response

Answer 7

Ask pt “How are you today?”

Question 8

BDAE yes/no response

Answer 8

Ask pt “have you ever been here before?”

Question 9

BDAE Familiar Info

Answer 9

Ask pt “What is your full name? What is your address?”

Question 10

BDAE Complex Ideational Material

Answer 10

Aud Comp at 2 levels: sentence (does a cork float in water?) and paragraph (ask pairs of y/n questions about paragraph)

Question 11

BDAE Nonverbal Agility

Answer 11

Test for apraxia.

Question 12

BDAE Recitation

Answer 12

Culturally biased. Automatized sequences (days of the week, counting to 21), melody/rhythm of nursery rhymes and songs

Grade of prosody as well as knowledge

Question 13

BDAE Naming

Answer 13

Responsive Naming (“What do we tell time with?”), Confrontational Naming (BNT)

Question 14

Difference in HJ between BDAE and PAL?

Answer 14

In BDAE, it’s a reading task (there are stimuli that are irregular words that the patient must have learned their phonology and there are regular stimuli that patient must be able to map the phono rep onto). In PAL, it’s not a reading task.

Question 15

Problem with BDAE Phrase/Sentence Reading subtest?

Answer 15

Not a homogenous set of stimuli

Question 16

What level is repetition at that goes into diagnosis?

Answer 16

Sentence Level

Question 17

What should you do if there is a weakness in writing on CAT?

Answer 17

Use PAL subtest because writing on CAT is weak.

Question 18

Strengths of BDAE?

Answer 18

Both long form and short form. There are extended subtests to administer even if you give short form.

Allows you to diagnose whether or not there’s aphasia and what type.

Good measure to figure out which type of aphasia. Much better than WAB at diagnosing milder forms of aphasia.

Question 19

WAB vs. BDAE (similarities and differences)

Answer 19

Similarities: classifies according to syndromes, similar subtests: aud comp, repetition, spontaneous speech, naming, reading, writing

Differences: WAB allows for phonemic, semantic, and tactile cues, upper limit of WAB aud comp is sentences whereas BDAE is paragraphs, WAB is an easier test to take and therefore more sensitive to more severe cases of aphasia, real objects for naming in the WAB, criteria for syndrome diagnosis is based on objective scoring in the WAB as opposed to a rating scale as on the BDAE

Question 20

BDAE Extended Testing

Answer 20

Fables
Auditory Comprehension Special Categories
Auditory Comp: reversible sentences
Repetition nonsense words
Naming special categories
Reading pseudohomophones
Reading bound and derivational morphemes
Writing irregular words, nonsense words, functors
Oral spelling
Writing verb forms, sentences

Question 21

3 subtests of aud comp BDAE

Answer 21

Word Discrimination, Following Commands, Complex Ideation

Question 22

Aspects of WAB Naming

Answer 22

In object naming, nothing abstract.

Question 23

3 syndrome batteries: norm or criterion-referenced?

Answer 23

BDAE and WAB: criterion-referenced

CAT: norm-referenced

Question 24

Strength in expression (naming) of CAT

Answer 24

Only syndrome test that looks at verbal expression (describing actions)

Question 25

Aphasia-Communication Outcome Measure

Answer 25

ACOM. Good measure of QOL because it asks pt how effective they think their communication is certain environments.

Question 26

BDAE Encoding

Answer 26

Dictation of words Primer words, regular forms Extended testing looks at irregular forms, nonsense words

Question 27

Differences syndrome approach vs. psycholinguistic approach

Answer 27

In syndrome approach, all patients must be labeled with one category (type of aphasia, type of alexia, type of agraphia). In psycholinguistic approach, there can be multiple functional lesions.

Question 28

Psycholinguistic Approach

Answer 28

Patient described in terms of damage to different processing operations Patient can have more than one impairment (functional lesion) unlike in syndrome where patient can only belong to one category Classify patients in terms of language processing components, not entire language tasks Requires a detailed description of the patients’ use of language at all levels of the language code and in all of the major language tasks

Question 29

Lexical Errors

Answer 29

Verbal/semantic paraphasias. Formal (result is real word e.g. train to tree), semantic, mixed, unrelated

Question 30

Sublexical errors

Answer 30

Phonemic paraphasias (result is nonword e.g. ghost to goth), neologism

Question 31

Visual agnosia

Answer 31

Function lesion in visual object recognition system (visual perception, structural description) Visual perception: able to see correctly Structural description: able to interpret meaning of pi

Question 32

Lemma vs lexeme

Answer 32

``` Lemma= Non-phonological representation of a word associated with semantic & grammatic information of "dog" Lexeme= all derived words from a single lemma ```

Question 33

Dell's 1997 Model-Naming Errors

Answer 33

Lexical Errors: errors at the lemma level which have syntactic constraints (arise due to impairment in lemma access) Sublexical Errors: errors at the lexeme level which do not have syntactic constraints (arise due to impairment in phonological access)

Question 34

Dell's Model on Formal Errors: impairment in phonological access vs lemma access

Answer 34

Impairment in phonological access: error can be real or nonword and has no more likelihood of being same part of speech or not as target Impairment in lemma access: error must be a real word, must be same part of speech as target

Question 35

BDAE sentence comprehension

Answer 35

F=2 so score of 50% is at chance. Due to heterogeneity of stimuli, want to test further to see what sentences are difficult for pt to understand.

Question 36

What kinds of errors tell us that there is an impairment in accessing semantic representation?

Answer 36

semantic errors in naming and all other tasks, poor auditory and visual word-picture matching

Question 37

What kinds of errors tell us that there is an impairment in accessing phonological output lexicon?

Answer 37

Patient who can write name of object but cannot name it Patient with good auditory and reading comprehension but poor naming of object