Midterm

Question 1

Rhetorical Situation

Answer 1

The view of rhetoric is ameliorative, situational, and pragmatic.
Involves:

Exigence, Audience, Constraints, Speaker, Speech

Question 2

Critical Questions Related to the Rhetorical Situation

Answer 2

1/ Is the rhetorical situation implied in the response genuine?
2/ Is the speech a fitting response?

Question 3

Rhetorical Genres

Answer 3

Takes a descriptive, rather than evaluative orientation to assessing
Distinct differences, collection of characteristics

Question 4

Definition of Rhetorical Genre

Answer 4

Is a collection of rhetorical artifacts categorized by shared characteristics.*

Question 5

Rhetorical Mediation

Answer 5

• Rhetorical mediation is the translation of knowledge into publicly accepted opinion.**
• *For Cloud it is how episteme comes into circulation with and as doxa.**

Question 6

Rhetorical Realism

Answer 6

Stems from the assumption that rhetorical discourse and action always emerge in relation to worlds outside of knowledge and language

Question 7

T/truths

Answer 7

There is one truth beyond us, a notion of mythos. -Plato
Aristotle says no, truth comes from standpoints, there isn’t one single Truth, there are multiple truths that are around us.
truth doesn’t mean you don’t care about Truth
Reality is what already exists and truth is what is exhibited by the reality

Question 8

Episteme

Answer 8

Divergent experiential knowledge

Question 9

Doxa

Answer 9

Competing regimes of common sense

Question 10

Mythos/pathos/logos

Answer 10

Mythos, Myth, powerful stories that compel people to change their lives
Logos, Reasoning, working out logically through words

Question 11

Physis/nomos

Answer 11

Physis (foo-sis), hard reality (physics), grounding, harsh reality
Nomos, law, it’s how we do things, passed down through generations

Question 12

T/truths or episteme/doxa

Answer 12

Truth is in the mythos
How do we know what’s worth knowing?
How does truth happen?

Question 13

Structuralism (linguistic determinism)

Answer 13

Assigning an agency to language “we’re sentenced to the sentence”
Everything is knowable by language
Caught in the trap of language and what language can or cannot do

Question 14

(Anti-)humanism

Answer 14

Humans are what they speak

Humans are constrained by what they think and speak without there being an “outside”

Question 15

Poststructuralism

Answer 15

Refers to more than the the structures of language
Humans have choices of who they are other than the constraints of language
We need language to get by what we need to say though
We use language, but language also uses us

Question 16

Hegemony

Answer 16

Ideologies and perspectives are dominant, everywhere you look the whole scene is dominated by *capitalism
The perception and appearance that sustains ideology

Question 17

The Big Five

Answer 17

Affect/emotion, embodiment, narrative, myth, spectacle

Question 18

Affect and Emotion

Answer 18

Affect: a category which describes one’s inchoate feelings before they are given the names of emotions
Emotions are the mediated effects

Question 19

Embodiment

Answer 19

Refers to the power of a message when it asks audience members to experience a communicative act or interaction in their bodies

Question 20

Narrative

Answer 20

Simple a story

Stories are depictions that involve: a plot setting, characters, and theme/a point

Question 21

Myth

Answer 21

A special kind of story whose narrative components are supernatural or “high octane”
Myths tend to address bigger questions

Question 22

Rhetoric and Narrative

Answer 22

A good story exhibits both coherence and fidelity

Represents the experience of the people invited to identify with narrative

Question 23

Spectacle

Answer 23

A special form of rhetorical mediation that involves a striking, often ritualistic visual of performative display
Visual spectacle mobilizes affect and locates viewers inside a particular point of view
Spectacle is to the image as myth is to the narrative; the same strategy is made, but majestic

Question 24

Frames

Answer 24

Frames are the context in which information is placed by the words or category.
*Context can be described as the way in which information is understood relative to the already understood information.
Frames can be the filter through which you process information (subconscious, involuntary)
Frames are physically realized in the neural systems in our brain. Our brain manifests framing logic. Tangles with emotions.

Question 25

Framing:

Answer 25

we don’t process the world without framing. It’s the use of framed language to aid the understanding of the topic.

Question 26

(Anti-)foundationalism

Answer 26

The reaction to platonic forms and platonic foundationalism. The liberal response to the notion of foundationalism by saying it’s not correct.

Question 27

Real Reason

Answer 27

“Real reason is: mostly unconscious (98%); requires emotion; uses the ‘‘logic’’ of frames, metaphors, and narratives; is physical (in brain circuitry); and varies considerably, as frames vary. And since the brain is set up to run a body, ideas and language can’t directly fit the world but rather must go through the body.”

Question 28

Enlightenment Reason

Answer 28

Based on the presence of representationalism. Just give factual language and assume they will think rationally.
The view that “reason is conscious, unemotional, logical, abstract, universal, and imagined concepts and language as able to fit the world directly.”

Question 29

Facts, Frames, and Rhetorical Mediation

Answer 29

Facts must be framed properly to have the intended effects. Episteme must merge with doxa.

Question 30

Conservative Moral ideology

Answer 30

The idea that man is above nature hierarchy, let the market decide ideology, conservatives have more systemic causation ideologies, assumes greed is good, Equivalent Value Metaphor (everything is expressed in monetary terms), conservative populism views liberal elites negatively.
They’ll say “let people decide for themselves” a “me” mindset

Question 31

Hypocognition

Answer 31

Hypocognition is the lack of ideas we need because of these frames that dominate environmental controversy. We are not understanding the forces that are changing the world clearly enough because we are so dependent on our frames.

Question 32

Therapeutic Frame

Answer 32

A way of framing things that call for change but does not intend to get rid of it in all
Doesn’t lead you to the place where you want to be done with the system (critical of capitalism but we don’t want to be done with capitalism)

Question 33

Fact-Checking

Answer 33

Fact-checking is Concerned with epistemic truth and lies only; traffic in naive verbal realism; is ideology agnostic; is too narrowly focused; or is blind to the machinations of power.

Question 34

Moral Panic

Answer 34

The idea of moral panic is about generating the sense of reacting to something as if it were a crisis
Sense of generating fear out of a development

Question 35

Epistemic, Functional and Genetic Falsehood (p56.Cloud)

Answer 35

There are three ways a lie can happen:
Genetic falsehoods have more to do with the person in the situation than the falsehood itself– suspicious motives of the person making the claim
Epistemic falsehoods refers to simple lies
Functional falsehoods are maybe true but could be false based off how they’re used
Fact checking focuses on epistemic falsehood and doesn’t address genetic and functional falsehood

Question 36

Ideology

Answer 36

Invested patterns of ideas that explain and justify how society is
Its power.

Question 37

Naive Verbal Realism

Answer 37

Ideology thinkings is known as naive(gullible) verbal realism
Words being used aren’t correspondent to reality
Language isn’t a 1-1 to reality

Question 38

Stasis-of Fact/Conjecture; Quality, and; Jurisdiction

Answer 38

a stable, unmoving state ^applied to argument– every argument begins and ends in an agreement
Agreements have a certain notion of balance– you have to agree about what the question the argument is about is
Stasis of definition- there is argument grounded in a question on a scale of bad (sexual harassment or locker room talk

Question 39

Frame-Checking

Answer 39

Frame checking is a sort of alternative to fact checking.
A frame is a habit of interpretation that evolves into typical and current situations. Frames mediate our perception of evaluation of reality.
Frames are central to the production of meaning because they off perspectives that organize experience

Question 40

Differences of fact and frame checking

Answer 40

Fact check: Truth, naive verbal realism, ideology-agnostic, too narrowly focused, power blind
Frame checking: Truth AND falsehood perspectival, rhetorical realism, sensitive/suspicious of ideology, sees frames as tropes, sensitive to power/knowledge

Question 41

Queering Public Address

Answer 41

The public violation around conventional arrays around decency and privacy
Forces public culture to confront private matters (like gender or sexuality)
Opens up the visibility of personal, intimate matters of sex, gender, and transformation

Question 42

Democratic Deliberation

Answer 42

Cooperative citizenship
The way we work out what the democratic system is about is through deliberation
Deliberation means working through things and breaking it into pieces via a discussion
^^doing this in a democratic way
The way to figure out policy and how to govern is through discussion and talking through things (democratic deliberation)– this is why the first amendment is important
The more discussion, the better answers that will arise

Question 43

Pedagogy (theories or principles of education)

Answer 43

One of the principles that moved isocrates for his way of teaching has to do with the concept of practical wisdom (phronesis)
Educating somebody so they can be the ideal citizen
The renaissance demised the teaching practice of the catholic church (scholastic) , created secular humanism (like a liberal arts college)

Question 44

Pedagogy and Ideology

Answer 44

All pedagogies are ideological
Critical pedagogy is the best one according to Cloud (the rhetoric prof thinks the best pedagogy is critical because it involves talking)

Question 45

Critical and Radical Pedagogy

Answer 45

Encourages questions and leaves things up to interpretation
Equip students with knowledge so they can use these skills in the real world
A curriculum based on real life experiences