Midterm

Question 1

What subatomic particles contribute to the atomic mass of an atom?

Answer 1

Protons and neutrons

Question 2

What term is used to describe two atoms that share electrons equally?

Answer 2

Non polar covalent bond

Question 3

Will a nonpolar covalent bond interact with water?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

What is the relationship between 12C and 14C?

Answer 4

They are isotopes. They differ in atomic mass and more specifically the number of neutrons they possess.

Question 5

What type of chemical bond is found within one water molecule?

Answer 5

Covalent and more specifically polar covalent

Question 6

What type of chemical bond is found between two water molecules?

Answer 6

Hydrogen bond

Question 7

Name the monomer, or repeating unit, that makes up carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Sugar

Question 8

What type of lipid is the primary component of the plant plasma membrane?

Answer 8

Phospholipids

Question 9

What properties of water allow it to dissolve salt?

Answer 9

Water molecules are polar and attracted to the + and - charges in NaCl.

Question 10

Which of the following types of molecules can be described as “water loving” and does interact with water?

Answer 10

Hydrophilic

Question 11

Is an ion considered hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 11

Hydrophilic

Question 12

True or false: Ribosomes are membrane-bound organelles that synthesize protein.

Answer 12

False.

Question 13

Which cell type contains a nucleus?
A. Prokaryotes
B. Eukaryotes
C. Both

Answer 13

B. Eukaryotes

Question 14

Which cell type contains membrane-bound organelles?
A. Prokaryotes
B. Eukaryotes
C. Both

Answer 14

B. Eukaryotes

Question 15

Which cell types have a plasma membrane?
A. Prokaryotes
B. Eukaryotes
C. Both

Answer 15

C. Both

Question 16

Which cell type contains DNA?
A. Prokaryotes
B. Eukaryotes
C. Both

Answer 16

C. Both

Question 17

Which of the following organisms are eukaryotes and which are prokaryotes?

Plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria

Answer 17

Plants, animals and bacteria are all eukaryotes and bacteria are prokaryotes.

Question 18

Name the organelle in the plant cell that can store toxins, which once released, can discourage a caterpillar from damaging the rest of the leaves.

Answer 18

Large central vacuole

Question 19

Name the organelle which stores pigments for petal color.

Answer 19

Large central vacuole

Question 20

If a protein is made at the rough endoplasmic reticulum and must travel to the Golgi apparatus for the addition of a sugar side chain, how will it get there?

Answer 20

It will get there using a vesicle.

Question 21

A. What is the primary component of the plant plasma membrane?
B. What is the primary function of this structure?

Answer 21

A. Phospholipids and proteins

B. To give the cell some control over what is entering/exiting the cell

Question 22

True or False: Plants are the only organisms that have a cell wall.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Where in the cell are lipids produced?

Answer 23

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

True or False: All cells have a plasma membrane.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

_______ is the smallest unit of life.

Answer 25

The cell

Question 26

All new cells come from _______.

Answer 26

Pre-existing cells

Question 27

Answer the following questions based on an animal cell that contains 1% sugar being placed in a beaker containing 50% sugar. A. In which direction will the net movement of water be? B. What will likely happen to the cell size after 20 min? C. What type of environment has your cell been placed into?

Answer 27

A. Out of the cell B. The cell will shrink. C. Hypertonic

Question 28

Name the primary components of the plant plasma membrane.

Answer 28

Phospholipids and proteins

Question 29

What will happen to a plant cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 29

Water will rush in and the plasma membrane will expand. But, it won’t burst.

Question 30

Is osmosis an active or passive process?

Answer 30

Passive

Question 31

In diffusion, will molecules move up or down their concentration gradient?

Answer 31

Down

Question 32

How will increased temperature influence membrane fluidity?

Answer 32

It will increase movement which will increase fluidity.

Question 33

These organelles are called the “powerhouse” of the cell, because this is where cellular respiration takes place. Name the organelle.

Answer 33

Mitochondria

Question 34

What gas is required or needed for cellular respiration to take place?

Answer 34

Oxygen

Question 35

What gas is produced through cellular respiration?

Answer 35

CO2

Question 36

What is the name of the inner folded membrane of the mitochondria?

Answer 36

Cristae

Question 37

What is the name o the plant tissue that carries sugar throughout the body?

Answer 37

Phloem

Question 38

What is the name of the water-conducting tissue in the plant body?

Answer 38

Xylem

Question 39

Does the xylem carry material up or down the plant body?

Answer 39

Up

Question 40

What cell type is dead at maturity? A. xylem B. phloem

Answer 40

Xylem

Question 41

Ions pushed into the guard cells, will cause which of the following? A. The net movement of water to be into the guard cell. B. The net movement of water to be out of the guard cell.

Answer 41

A. The net movement of water to be into the guard cell.

Question 42

Will the net movement of water into the guard cell cause the stomata to: A. Get larger B. Get smaller

Answer 42

A. Get larger

Question 43

Which of the following types of organisms make their own food: A. Autotrophs B. Heterotrophs

Answer 43

A. Autotrophs

Question 44

Is a plant considered an autotroph or a heterotroph?

Answer 44

An autotroph

Question 45

Is an animal considered an autotroph or a heterotroph?

Answer 45

A heterotroph

Question 46

Name the hole in the leaf where gas exchange occurs?

Answer 46

The stomata

Question 47

Name the specialized cells in the epidermis of the leaf that control the aperture, or size, of the hole.

Answer 47

Guard cells

Question 48

What is the name of the primary pigment that promotes photosynthesis in plants?

Answer 48

Chlorophyll

Question 49

Where is this pigment found in the plant cell?

Answer 49

Embedded in the thylakoid membrane

Question 50

What qualities, or colors, of light will this pigment preferentially absorb to promote photosynthesis?

Answer 50

Red and blue

Question 51

Where in the cell does the Calvin cycle take place?

Answer 51

Stroma

Question 52

True or false: Plants are the only organisms that undergo photosynthesis.

Answer 52

False

Question 53

True or false: In order to undergo photosynthesis, an organism must contain chloroplasts.

Answer 53

False.

Question 54

Why are plants green?

Answer 54

Chlorophyll reflects green light.

Question 55

A suggested and testable explanation for an event is called a ________.

Answer 55

Hypothesis

Question 56

The type of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion is called ________.

Answer 56

Inductive reasoning

Question 57

The type of logical thinking that uses a general principle or law to forecast specific results is called ____________.

Answer 57

Deductive reasoning

Question 58

What type of bond represents a weak chemical bond?

Answer 58

Hydrogen bond

Question 59

``` An example of a monosacccharide is _______. A. Fructose B. Glucose C. Galactose D. All of the above ```

Answer 59

D. All of the above

Question 60

Cellulose and starch are examples of ________.

Answer 60

Polysaccharides

Question 61

The monomers that make up proteins are called ________.

Answer 61

Amino acids