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Intro to Sociology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

What is social structure

A

the way society is set up

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2
Q

Why is social structure important?

A

its the “rules of the game”

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3
Q

What is the main point of “Eating your friends”

A

illustrates sudden change in social structure and a new set of norms

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4
Q

What is social construction

A

meaning is built through interaction with object and others

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5
Q

Give an example of social construction

A

mask= sick or medical, now mask= democrat

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6
Q

Define Agency

A

free will

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7
Q

Define Macro-level factors

A

large scale, society as a whole

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8
Q

Define Meso-level factors

A

middle ground between macro and micro

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9
Q

Define Micro-level factors

A

individual level

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10
Q

Describe the conflict theoretical approach

A

2 groups: powerful and oppressed

battle over material resources

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11
Q

Describe the functionalism theoretical approach

A

society operates as an organism

everyone is there for a reason

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12
Q

Describe the symbolic interactionism theoretical approach

A

we create meaning through interaction

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13
Q

Define values in culture and give an example

A

abstract ideas of what is right and what is wrong

being faithful in marriage

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14
Q

define norms in culture and give an example

A

rules that specify appropriate behavior in a situation

Muslim women wearing headscarves

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15
Q

define material culture

A

physical objects

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16
Q

define counterculture

A

cultural group in a larger society that rejects norms of the majority

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17
Q

define ethnocentrism

A

tendency to look at other cultures through eyes of your own

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18
Q

define cultural relativism

A

judging a culture by their perspective

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19
Q

What is social construction of reality

A

As we interact with things we decide what things mean and what to expect in the future

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20
Q

What are the beliefs of Auguste Comte

A

Invented sociology

Thought it should model itself after physics

Society is not normal but constructed by individuals

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21
Q

Beliefs of Herbert spencer

A

Development is a natural outcome of individual achievement

Natural order meaning state should not help lower class

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22
Q

Beliefs of Émile Durkheim

A

Social structure constraints our activities and therefore what we do as individuals

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23
Q

Beliefs of Karl Marx

A

Material and economic factors have a prime role in determining historical change

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24
Q

Beliefs is Max Weber

A

Economics, ideas and values affect social change

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25
Beliefs is WEB DuBois
American society lets African Americans see themselves only through the eyes of others
26
What is cultural appropriation
When members from one culture borrow elements from another
27
What is assimilation
Acceptance of minority group group by majority group
28
Why should we care about culture
Affects all areas of our lives Constrain and expand life chances Understand others motives
29
What is socialization
The interactive processes that teach us what to believe and how to behave in a culture
30
Define life course
The various transitions and stages people experience during their lives
31
Define social reproduction
Process of perpetuating values which leads to continuity over time
32
What are the two phases of socialization
Primary in childhood Secondary in late childhood and maturity
33
Define primary socialization
Takes place in childhood Most intense period Learn from parents
34
Define secondary socialization
Late childhood and maturity Learn from school, peers, media
35
Define resocialization
Learning new norms and rules after moving to a new social world
36
Define and give an example of anticipatory socialization
Learning about a role before we enter it Parenting classes
37
Define hidden curriculum
In schools there are subtle behaviors and attitudes that we learn
38
Define social identity
Characteristics that others attribute to an individual
39
Define identity
People’s understanding of who they are
40
Define master status
Single identity or status that overpowers the other identities one holds
41
Define role
A position someone holds
42
What is the generalized other
When someone believes the whole of society is judging them about something
43
Demographics of silent generation
1928-1945 75-92 years 6% of US pop
44
Demographics of Baby Boomers
1946-1964 56-74 years 21% of pop.
45
Demographics of Gen X
1965-1980 40-55 years 20% of US pop
46
Demographics of millennials
1981-1996 24-39 years 22%
47
Demographics of Gen Z
1997-2012 8-23 20%
48
Characteristics is silent generation
Traditional gender roles You could get ahead if you worked hard Must pay their dues See world of opportunities
49
Characteristics of baby boomers
Social movements Less conservative Mixed economic opportunities Challenger status quo except in work Older is more progressive
50
Characteristics of Gen X
Declining economic opportunities Church and government scandals Divorce Assume things will go wrong
51
Characteristics of millennials
Social media Self esteem movement Great Recession More acceptance of diversity
52
Characteristics of Gen Z
Digital natives Sharp political divisiveness Social upheaval High diversity Social movements Entitled and fearful
53
Define looking-glass self
The reactions we elicit in social situations create a mirror in which we see ourselves
54
Define status
Social prestige a group had according to other members of society
55
Define social position
Social identity an individual has in a given context
56
Define civil inattention
Indicating awareness but not intrusiveness
57
What are the stages of socialization according to Mead
Imitation stage- 0-3- imitate what they see Play stage- 3-6- role taking Game stage- 6-school age— learn how roles work together
58
What are Goffmans 5 main points about the self
Self is formed through interaction We present ourselves to get desired reactions We have a front and back stage We use sign vehicles There is not true self
59
Define expressions given
What you want others to see
60
Define expressions given off
What people actually see about you
61
What is a democracy
Political system in which the people rule
62
What is a monarch
Unelected king and queen rule
63
What are constitutional monarchs
King and queen are simply a face
64
What is a liberal democracy
Elected president holds power
65
What is Marxs explanation for why social movements occur
Society is based off of classes In unstable societies, forces of production change and classes clash
66
James Davis’ explanation for social movements
More likely when people’s living conditions improve
67
Define deviance
Non conformity to a set of norms that a significant number of people in a community accept
68
Define sanctions
Reward or punishment that reinforces socially expected forms of behavior
69
Define anomie
Situation in which social norms lose their hold over individual behavior
70
What does Durkheim say about deviance
It is inevitable and necessary Adaptive Promotes boundary maintenance
71
What does Merton say about deviance
It’s a by product of economic inequalities
72
What are the five types of deviance
Conformists Innovators Ritualists Retreatists Rebels
73
What are conformists
Accept generally held values regardless of where they meet with success
74
What are innovators
Accept socially approved values but use illegitimate means to follow them
75
What are ritualists
Conform to standards though they lost sight to underlying values
76
What are retreatists
Abandon the competitive outlook rejecting both dominant values
77
What are rebels
Reject both dominant values but try to reconstruct the social system

Intro to Sociology (2 decks)

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