(MIDTERM) ANS DRUGS Flashcards
(230 cards)
1
Q
Mimetics means ___________
A
mimics
2
Q
TWO TYPES OF SYMPATHOMIMETICS/ ADRENERGICS
A
- Direct Sympathomimetics
- Indirect Sympathomimetics and Mixed Agents
2
Q
Direct= bind direct to RECEPTOR
A
Direct Sympathomimetics
3
Q
↑ Sympathetic response = OTHER MEANS
A
Indirect Sympathomimetics and Mixed Agents
4
Q
Lytics means ___________
A
LYSE/ Break
5
Q
Agonistic in nature
A
Sympathomimetics / Adrenergics
6
Q
Antagonist by nature
A
SympathoLYTICS / SympathoPLEGICS
7
Q
Stimulates a2 receptors
A
Centrally acting antiadrenergics (target CNS)
8
Q
1.Centrally acting antiadrenergics (target CNS)
2. Peripheral presynaptic antiadrenergics
3. Peripheral postsynaptic antiadrenergics
A
3 TYPES OF sympathoLYTICS/ sympathoPLEGICS
8
Q
2 BLOCKERS OF Peripheral postsynaptic antiadrenergics
A
alpha blockers
beta blockers
8
Q
2 SYMPATHETIC DRUGS
A
- sympathoMIMETICS/ Adrenergics
- sympathoLYTICS / sympathoPLEGICS
9
Q
2 PARASYMPATHETIC DRUGS
A
- parasympathoMIMETICS/ Cholinomimetics
- parasympathoLYTICS / Cholinergics Antagonists
10
Q
2 TYPES OF parasympathoMIMETICS/ Cholinomimetics
A
- Direct cholinergic agonist
- Indirect cholinergic agonist
11
Q
Binds DIRECTLY to receptors
A
Direct cholinergic agonist
12
Q
- Inhibits Cholinesterase
- ↓Cholinesterase = ↑ Ach = ↑ Cholinergic effects
A
Indirect cholinergic agonist
13
Q
Blocks M(muscarinic) receptors
A
Muscarinic antagonist/
Antimuscarinic
13
Q
3 TYPES OF parasympathoLYTICS / Cholinergics Antagonists
A
- Muscarinic antagonist/ Antimuscarinic
- Ganglionic blockers
- Neuromuscular blockers
14
Q
DRUGS ACTING ON THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
A
I. SYMPATHETIC DRUGS
II. PARASYMPATHETIC DRUGS
15
Q
Blocks Nn(Nicotinic neuronal)
A
Ganglionic blockers
16
Q
Blocks Nm(Neuro muscular)
A
Neuromuscular blockers
17
Q
- ADRENALINE is the prototype drug. Its clinical uses are:
A - Anaphylactic shock (DOC)
B - Bronchial asthma
C - Cardiac resuscitation
D - During local anaesthesia combined
with lidocaine
A
ADRENERGIC DRUGS
18
Q
___________ is the prototype drug.
A
ADRENALINE
19
Q
ADRENERGIC DRUGS - “ABCD”
A
A - Anaphylactic shock (DOC)
B - Bronchial asthma
C - Cardiac resuscitation
D - During local anaesthesia combined
with lidocaine
20
Q
- NE, Epinephrine and
Dopamine are
ENDOGENOUS
sympathetic agonists - Binds to α1, α2, β1, or β2
adrenergic receptors
where they “turn on”
second messengers
A
Direct sympathomimetics
21
NE, Epinephrine and
Dopamine are
ENDOGENOUS
sympathetic agonists
Direct sympathomimetics
22
Binds to α1, α2, β1, or β2
adrenergic receptors
where they “turn on”
second messengers
Direct sympathomimetics
23
_____, ________, ___________ are
ENDOGENOUS sympathetic agonists
NE, Epinephrine and
Dopamine
24
* Dopamine and Dobutamine
– Used in Congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock
– Activate the myocardial beta1 receptor and thus increase the force of contraction of the failing heart
* This will result in an increase in cardiac output
– These drugs are reserved for use in the acute management of heart failure
SYMPATHOMIMETICS ACTING AT BETA
RECEPTOR SYSTEMS
25
Used in Congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock
Dopamine and Dobutamine
26
Activate the myocardial beta1 receptor and thus increase the force of contraction of the failing heart
Dopamine and Dobutamine
27
These drugs are reserved for use in the acute management of heart failure
Dopamine and Dobutamine
28
Activate the myocardial beta1 receptor and thus increase the force of contraction of the failing heart
This will result in an increase in cardiac output
29
Vasopressor
Dopamine
29
Ionotrope
Dobutamine
30
2 TYPES OF Direct Sympathomimetics
I. Catecholamines (“DENIeD”)
II. Non-catecholamines ("MABTISS")
31
Catecholamines (“DENIeD”)
– Dobutamine
– Epinephrine
– Norepinephrine
– Isoproterenol
– Dopamine
32
Short duration of action
Catecholamines (“DENIeD”)
33
Clinically used to treat
anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest,
heart failure and shock
Catecholamines (“DENIeD”)
34
Used as IV
Catecholamines (“DENIeD”)
35
Non-catecholamines ("MABTISS")
Metaproterenol,
Albuterol,
Bitolterol,
Terbutaline,
Isoetharine,
Salmeterol,
Salbutamol
36
Longer half-lives
Non-catecholamines ("MABTISS")
37
Phenylephrine & Methoxamine
Non-catecholamines ("MABTISS")
38
Ritodrine
Non-catecholamines ("MABTISS")
39
Used Orally
Non-catecholamines ("MABTISS")
39
Marketed as nasal and ophthalmic
decongestants
Phenylephrine & Methoxamine
40
Bronchodilators
"MABTISS"
41
Uterine relaxant
Ritodrine
42
Think: Drugs that sound NATURAL in the body.
–Epinephrine (Adrenalin chloride)
–Norepinephrine (Levophed)
–Dopamine (Intropin)
Major α and β direct-acting agonists
43
Adrenalin chloride
Epinephrine
44
Levophed
Norepinephrine
44
Intropin
Dopamine
44
Many uses of Epinephrine (Adrenalin chloride) "AnCaReMy"
Anaphylaxis,
Cardiac
Resuscitation,
Mydriatic, etc…
45
Specific use of Norepinephrine (Levophed)
Life threatening
HYPOTENSION(maintain BP)
46
maintain BP
HYPOTENSION
47
Used for SEPTIC or
CARDIOGENIC Shock
Dopamine (Intropin)
48
Starts with “Phenyl – ”
–Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
–Phenylpropanolamine
Except!!!
–Methoxamine (Vasoxyl)
α1-selective direct-acting agonists
49
Used for Nasal
Decongestion
α1-selective direct-acting agonists
50
Starts with “Phenyl – ”
–Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
–Phenylpropanolamine
51
Exception to α1-selective direct-acting agonists
Methoxamine (Vasoxyl)
52
2 Classification of Sympathomimetics: β- Receptor Specificity/Affinity
* β-NONselective direct-acting
* β1-SELECTIVE direct-acting
53
Isoproterenol (Isuprel) – β1, β2
β-NONselective direct-acting
53
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) – β1
β1-SELECTIVE direct-acting
53
Used for
BRADYCARDIA &
Asthma
Isoproterenol (Isuprel) – β1, β2
54
“FriendS of MR. TAT”
Beta 2 Agonist
54
Used for Acute
HEART FAILURE
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) – β1
55
RELIEVERS (Short Acting)
M-Metaproterenol
R-Ritodrine
T-Terbutaline
A-Albuterol/Salbutamol
T-Theophyline (methylxanthine)
55
“FriendS of MR. TAT”
F-Formoterol
S-Salmeterol
M-Metaproterenol
R-Ritodrine
T-Terbutaline
A-Albuterol/Salbutamol
T-Theophyline (methylxanthine)
55
CONTROLLERS (Long Acting)
F-Formoterol
S-Salmeterol
56
Release neurotransmitters
from presynaptic nerve
terminals to produce a
sympathomimetic effect
– Amphetamine
– Methamphetamine
* Useful in NARCOLEPSY,
hyperkinetic syndrome of children,
attention deficit disorder (ADHD)
Indirect acting agonists
57
Useful in NARCOLEPSY,
hyperkinetic syndrome of children,
attention deficit disorder (ADHD
Methamphetamine
58
Release neurotransmitters
from presynaptic nerve
terminals to produce a
sympathomimetic effect
Indirect acting agonists
59
2 DRUGS OF Indirect acting agonists
- Amphetamine
– Methamphetamine
60
* Displace NE from presynaptic terminals and bind to adrenergic receptors
– Ephedrine – clinically used to treat narcolepsy
– Mephentermine & Metaraminol – Treatment of hypotension caused by ANESTHETICS.
– Phenylpropanolamine – Decongestant in oral OTC drugs
Mixed sympathomimetics
61
3 DRUGS OF Mixed sympathomimetics
- Ephedrine
- Mephentermine & Metaraminol
- Phenylpropanolamine
62
Displace NE from presynaptic terminals and bind to adrenergic receptors
Mixed sympathomimetics
63
clinically used to treat narcolepsy
Ephedrine
63
Treatment of hypotension caused by ANESTHETICS
Mephentermine & Metaraminol
64
Decongestant in oral OTC
drugs
Phenylpropanolamine
65
Can cause
HAEMORRHAGIC
STROKE
Phenylpropanolamine
66
Adrenergic Drugs "PBCUCNA"
- Pressor agents
- Bronchodilators
- CNS stimulants
- Uterine relaxants
- Cardiac stimulants
- Nasal decongestants
- Anorectics
67
Bronchodilators "IsSaTeSaFoBa"
Isoprenaline
Salbutamol (Albuterol)
Terbutaline
Salmeterol
Formoterol
Bambuterol
67
Pressor agents "NEDPMM"
Noradrenaline(Norepinephrine)
Ephedrine
Dopamine
Phenylephrine
Methoxamine
Mephentermine
68
Uterine Relaxants "RIST"
Ritodrine
Isoxsuprine
Salbutamol
Tertbutaline
68
CNS Stimulants "ADMM"
Amphetamine
Dexamphetamine
Methamphetamine
Methylphenidate
69
Cardiac stimulants "AID"
Adrenaline
Isoprenaline
Dobutamine
70
Anorectics "AmFeDeSi"
Amphetamine
Fenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine
Sibutramine
70
Nasal Decongestants "XONPPP"
Xylometazoline
Oxymetazoline
Naphazoline
Phenylephrine
Phenylpropanolamine
Pseudoephedrine
71
Appetite SUPPRESSANT
Anorectics
71
* Peripheral Presynaptic anti-adrenergics
– Guanethidine = ↓ Catecholamine release (reuptake to the vesicles then replace NE)
– Guanadrel
– Bretylium (no longer used)
– Reserpine (deplete catecholamines)
Presynaptic Adrenergic Blockers
72
– Guanethidine = ↓ Catecholamine release (reuptake to the vesicles then replace NE)
– Guanadrel
– Bretylium (no longer used)
– Reserpine (deplete catecholamines)
Peripheral Presynaptic anti-adrenergics
72
↓ Catecholamine release
(reuptake to the vesicles then replace NE)
Guanethidine
73
no longer used
Bretylium
74
deplete catecholamines
Reserpine
75
Centrally Acting ANTIADRENERGICS
–Clonidine (Catapres)
–Guanfacine
–Methyldopa (Aldomet)
–Guanabenz
α2-selective direct-acting agonists
76
Can cause
SEDATION
α2-selective direct-acting agonists
77
Used to manage High
Blood Pressure &
ADHD
Clonidine (Catapres) & Guanfacine
78
Used to manage High
Blood Pressure
Methyldopa (Aldomet) & Guanabenz
79
EFFECTS OF α1 – adrenergic selective, reversible
↓ BP without ↑ HR
Cause FIRST DOSE SYNCOPE
80
INDICATION OF α1 – adrenergic selective, reversible
- Hypertension
- Treat Urinary retention due to BPH
81
All drugs that ends in “- ZOSIN”
–Prazosin (Minipres)
–Doxazosin (Cardura)
–Terazosin (Hytrin)
82
All drugs that ends in “- ZOSIN”
–Prazosin (Minipres)
–Doxazosin (Cardura)
–Terazosin (Hytrin)
α1 – adrenergic selective, reversible
83
Drugs that starts with “Phen-”
α1,α2 – nonselective blocker
84
2 TYPES OF α1,α2 – nonselective blocker
1. IRREVERSIBLE (longest)
2. REVERSIBLE (shortest)
85
Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline)
Irreversible (longest)
86
Phentolamine (Regitine)
Reversible (shortest)
87
Used before operation for
Pheochromocytoma
IRREVERSIBLE
87
Used to manage paroxysmal
HTN due to Pheochromocytoma
REVERSIBLE
87
Yohimbine
α2 – selective blocker, reversible
88
For erectile
dysfunction
Yohimbine
89
2 TYPES OF α ADRENERGIC BLOCKING DRUGS
1. Equillibrium type (Competitive antagonists)
2. Non-equillibrium type
90
B-haloalkylamine
Phenoxybenzamine
Non-Equilibrium type
91
Migraine & Oxytocic
Ergot alkaloids
92
Adjunct Tx for dementia
Hydrogenated ergot alkaloids
93
These drugs are
competitive
antagonists of the beta
adrenergic receptors
BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
94
Beta blockers are
either selective for the
beta1 receptor or
nonselective beta1 and
beta2 antagonists
BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
95
PROTOTYPE DRUG:
Propranolol
BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
96
1st Beta-blockers to be developed
Propranolol
97
Beta-blocker main contraindications /
cautions
“ABCDE”
A - Asthma
B - Block (heart block)/Bradycardia
C - COPD
D - Diabetes mellitus
E – Electrolyte imbalance (hyperkalemia)
98
Non Selective Beta Blockers
“NSTP”
*Nadolol
*Sotalol
*Timolol
*Propranolol/Pindolol
99
Cardioselective Beta Blockers
"CaN BEAM"
*Celiprolol
*Nebivolol (most selective)
*Bisoprolol, Betaxolol
*Esmolol
*Atenolol, Acebutolol
*Metoprolol
100
Can cause
DYSLIPIDEMIA
CaN BEAM
101
NON SELECTIVE BLOCKERS
Beta blockers with ISA
Think: They "COntain Partial Agonistic Activity“
101
Beta blockers with ISA
Think: They "COntain Partial Agonistic Activity“
*Celiprolol, Oxprenolol
*Pindolol, Penbutolol
*Alprenolol
*Acebutolol (B1 selective)
101
No effect on Lipid
Levels
Beta blockers with ISA
Think: They "COntain Partial Agonistic Activity“
101
Can minimize risk
for BRADYCARDIA
Beta blockers with ISA
Think: They "COntain Partial Agonistic Activity“
102
Beta blockers with α1 Blocking Activity
* LabetAlol = α
* CarvedIlol = 1
103
- Does not cause DYSLIPIDEMIA
- Has added VASODILATING
effects
Beta blockers with α1 Blocking Activity
104
Beta 2 Blockers
* Butaxamine =no clinical use
= used in experiments
105
2 TYPES OF B - Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
1. Non-selective (B1 + B2)
2. Cardioselective (B1)
106
Non-selective (B1 + B2)
1. Without ISA
2. With ISA
3. With a- blocking property
107
Generation wise Classification of B - Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
1. 1st Generation
2. 2nd Generation
3. 3rd Generation
108
- Older
- Nonselective
1st generation
109
B1 or Cardioselective
2nd Generation
110
With a- blocking and vasodilator property
3rd Generation
111
Adverse effects commonly observed with beta blockers "HyBraFa DroBro"
* Hypotension
* Bradycardia
* Fatigue
* Drowsiness
* Bronchoconstriction and sexual dysfunction –
commonly observed with propranolol
112
CHOLINERGIC AGENTS
I. CHOLINOMIMETICS /CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS
II. ANTICHOLINERGICS
113
2 Types of CHOLINOMIMETICS
A. DIRECT-ACTING CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS
B. INDIRECT-ACTING AGENTS (CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS)
114
CHOLINOMIMETICS Drugs
i. Carbamates
ii. Organophosphates
115
Carbamates Drugs "PEDPAN"
Physostigmine,
Edrophonium
Decamecarium, ,
Pyridostigmine,
Ambenonium
Neostigmine
116
Organophosphates Drugs "PEM"
Parathion,
Echothiopate,
Malathion
117
CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS
“ABC MNoP”
A - Acetylcholine
B - Bethanechol
C - Carbachol
M - Methacholine
N - Nicotine
P - Pilocarpine
118
* Acetylcholine
* Choline derivatives
* Alkaloids
Cholinergic Agonists
118
miosis in cataract surgery
Acetylcholine
118
Used in glaucoma, miosis for surgery
Carbachol
118
Choline derivatives
"CaMe Be"
* Carbachol
* Methacholine
* Bethanecol
118
induce evacuation of non-obstructed bladder
Bethanecol
118
for diagnosis of bronchial airway hyperreactivity
Methacholine
118
Alkaloids
"ArPiMuNi"
– Arecoline
– Pilocarpine
– Muscarine
– Nicotine
118
For glaucoma, xerostomia
Pilocarpine
118
Antidote for ATROPINE or
scopolamine poisoning
Physostigmine
118
ANTICHOLINESTERASE DRUGS
“POP CoRN”
P - Physostigmine
O - Organophosphates
P - Pyridostigmine
C - Carbamates
R - Rivastigmine
N - Neostigmine
118
smoking cessation aid
Nicotine
118
Treats CONFUSION (dementia)
related to Alzheimers &
Parkinsons
Rivastigmine
119
Mainly used for
Myesthenia Gravis
Pyridostigmine
119
Competitive antagonist
EDROPHONIUM
119
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
"ECO"
* EDROPHONIUM
* CARBAMATES
* ORGANOPHOSPHATES
119
Reversal agent for
NONDEPOLARIZING NMB
Neostigmine
119
– Compete with Ach for the active site of the enzyme
– Physostigmine, Demecarium, Neostigmine, Ambenomium, Pyridostigmine
CARBAMATES
120
– Have very high affinity for the active site of the enzyme
– Echothiopate: For glaucoma
– Parathion & Malathion: Pesticide
ORGANOPHOSPHATES
121
For glaucoma
Echothiopate
121
Pesticide
Parathion & Malathion
122
CHOLINERGIC RESPONSE
"DUMB BELSS"
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia, Bronchoconstriction
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation
Sweating
122
- Used in TENSILON Test
- Diagnosis of MG
EDROPHONIUM
122
Any of a group of eye diseases characterized by abnormally high intraocular fluid pressure, damaged optic disk, hardening of the eyeball, and partial to complete loss of
vision
Glaucoma
122
__________________ are used to treat glaucoma and Myasthenia gravis
Cholinesterase inhibitors
122
Can lead to irreversible blindness by damaging the optic nerve.
Glaucoma
122
SYMPTOM OF Myasthenia gravis
Ptosis of the left eye (drooping eyelids)
122
An autoimmune disorder, in which weakness
is caused by circulating antibodies that block
acetylcholine receptors at the post-synaptic
neuromuscular junction
Myasthenia gravis
122
Is a neuromuscular disease leading to
fluctuating muscle weakness and
fatiguability
Myasthenia gravis
122
2 Classification of Cholinergic AGONISTS
1. Direct-Acting
2. Indirect-Acting
122
Direct-Acting
Acetylcholine Agonists
122
Myasthenia gravis is Treated medically with:
"CIT"
– Cholinesterase inhibitors
– Immunosuppressants
– in selected cases, Thymectomy
122
Acetylcholine Agonists
"ChoBeCa PiCe"
- Choline Esters: Bethanechol, Carbachol
- Pilocarpine, Cevimeline
122
Indirect-Acting
Antiacetylcholinesterases
122
Antiacetylcholinesterases
"COQ"
- Carbamate
- Organophosphates
122
CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS
"MuGaNe"
* MUSCARINIC BLOCKERS
* GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS
* NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS
122
Quarternary Alcohols
"TED"
- Tacrine
- Edrophonium
- Donepezil
122
Management of
GLAUCOMA (vet.med)
Demecarium
122
Tx of DRY MOUTH due
to SJOGREN’s disease
Pilocarpine
Cevimeline
122
Tx of CONFUSION due
to Alzheimer’S
Donepezil
Tacrine
123
Common Antimuscarinic
Think: " Inhibits Parasympathetic And Sweat "
Ipratropium
Pirenzepine
Atropine
Scopolamine
123
Organophosphates
"MEPSIS"
Malathion
Echothiophate
Parathion
Sarin
Isoflurophate
Soman
123
All are competitive antagonists which can be
overcome by adequate concentrations of cholinergic agonist
CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS
123
* ATROPINE is the prototype
agent
* Actions are dose dependent
– Decreased salivary and bronchial
secretions
– Decreased sweating
– Pupil dilation and tachycardia
– Inhibition of voiding
– Decreases GI motility
– Decreased gastric secretions
MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST
123
______________ is the prototype
agent in Muscarinic Antagonist
ATROPINE
124
– Decreased salivary and bronchial
secretions
– Decreased sweating
– Pupil dilation and tachycardia
– Inhibition of voiding
– Decreases GI motility
– Decreased gastric secretions
Actions are dose dependent
125
Muscarinic Antagonist
"ECR GUGINi"
* Eye
* CNS
* Respiratory
* GU
* GI
* Nicotinic
126
EYE
"HAT"
homotropine,
atropine,
tropicamide
127
CNS
"Be Sco"
benztropine, scopolamine
128
RESPIRATORY
ipratropium
128
GU
oxybutynin
128
GI
Pirenzepine
Glycopryyolate
Propantheline
129
Nicotinic
Hexamethonium
130
Mydriatic
atropine
131
Inhibit voiding
oxybutynin
131
Antiparkinson
benztropine
131
For motion sickness
ipratropium
132
For peptic ulcer
glycopryyolate
133
IBS, Enuresis,
Hyperhidrosis
propantheline
134
HTN Crisis
Hexamethonium
135
* Ng antagonists
* Block nicotinic receptors both in the
sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia
* Seldom used clinically because of the complex and unpredictable actions
– Hexamethonium
– Mecamylamine
– Trimethephan
GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS
136
Ng antagonists
GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS
137
Block nicotinic receptors both in the
sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia
GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS
138
Seldom used clinically because of the complex
and unpredictable actions
GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS
139
Occasionally used to treat
Hypertensive crisis
Ng antagonists
140
Tx Hypertensive Crisis:
– Hexamethonium
– Mecamylamine
– Trimethephan
140
Muscarinic Antagonists
(Tertiary Amines)
"AS"
- Atropine
- Scopolamine
140
3 Classification of Cholinergic ANTAGONISTS
1. Muscarinic Antagonists
2. Neuromuscular
3. Ganglionic Blockers
140
Muscarinic Antagonists
(Quarternary Amines)
"IP"
- Ipratropium
- Propantheline
141
Used as MUSCLE RELAXANT
during SURGERY, mechanical
ventilation or intubation
Neuromuscular Blockers
142
Neuromuscular Blockers
(Nondepolarizing)
"TuMe At PaGa"
- Tubocurarine
- Metocurine
- Atracurium
- Pancuronium
- Gallamine
142
Cause
TACHYCARDIA
Gallamine
142
Lethal Injection
Pancuronium
142
Neuromuscular Blockers
(Depolarizing)
Succinylcholine
142
Cause Malignant
Hyperthermia
Succinylcholine
142
Ganglionic Blockers
(Depolarizing)
Nicotine
142
Ganglionic Blockers
(Non-Depolarizing)
"MeTri"
- Mecamylamine
- Trimethaphan
142
Induce HYPOTENSION
during surgery
Trimethaphan
142
Tx of Malignant
HYPERTENSION
"MeTri"
- Mecamylamine
- Trimethaphan
142
* Preanesthetic medication to prevent secretions
* Prevention of motion sickness
* For peptic ulcer
* For irritable bowel syndrome
* Mydriasis and cycloplegia
* Adjunct treatment for parkinsonism
* Antispasmodic
* Relieve bladder spasm, enuresis, and diarrhea
Anticholinergic Drugs & Their Clinical Uses
143
ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECTS
"Blind as a Bat,
Red as a Beet,
Hot as a Hare,
Dry as a Bone,
Mad as a Hatter,
Full as a Flask"
143
* Classic anticholinergic/antimuscarinic side
effects
– Dry mouth, constipation, and tachycardia
* Severe antimuscarinic effects
– Restlessness, headache, rapid and weak pulse, blurred vision, hallucinations, ataxia, “burning” skin and possibly coma
* Some antipsychotics, antihistamines,
antidepressants, and opioids have anticholinergic effects
SIDE EFFECTS of ANTICHOLINERGICS
143
Dry mouth, constipation, and tachycardia
Classic anticholinergic/antimuscarinic side
effects
143
Restlessness, headache, rapid and weak pulse,
blurred vision, hallucinations, ataxia, “burning” skin and possibly coma
Severe antimuscarinic effects
143
Blind as a Bat
Blurred vision, Mydriasis (Dilated pupils)
144
Red as a Beet
Flushed skin
145
Hot as a Hare
Increased body temperature due to decreased sweating and Hyperthemia
146
Dry as a Bone
Dry mouth, decreased salivation
147
Mad as a Hatter
Confusion, Hallucinations, Agitation
148
Full as a Flask
Urinary retention
