Midterm Bio 112

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

The study of living organisms

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

The basic unit of life

Question 3

Cell Membrane

Answer 3

The outer layer of a cell, a barrier that controls what enters and exits a cell

Question 4

Ecosystem

Answer 4

A community of organisms and their environment.

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

All the chemical reactions in an organism

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

The control center of a eukaryotic cell.

Question 7

Unicellular

Answer 7

An organism made of a single cell

Question 8

Multicellular

Answer 8

An organism made of multiple cells

Question 9

Natural Selection

Answer 9

Process where organisms better suited to their environment survive and reproduce.

Question 10

Hypothesis

Answer 10

A testable scientific explanation

Question 11

Theory

Answer 11

A well-supported explanation of natural events

Question 12

Law

Answer 12

A statement that describes a consistent natural occurrence

Question 13

Atom

Answer 13

The smallest unit of matter

Question 14

Proton

Answer 14

A positively charged particle in an atom

Question 15

Neutron

Answer 15

A particle with no charge in an atom

Question 16

Electron

Answer 16

A negatively charged particle in an atom

Question 17

Molecule

Answer 17

Two or more atoms bonded together

Question 18

pH Scale

Answer 18

Measures how acidic or basic a substance is

Question 19

Solute

Answer 19

The substance dissolved in a solution

Question 20

Solvent

Answer 20

The substance that dissolves the solute

Question 21

Ionic Bond

Answer 21

A bond where electrons are transferred between atoms

Question 22

Covalent Bond

Answer 22

A bond where atoms share electrons

Question 23

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 23

A weak bond between molecules, important in water

Question 24

Amino Acid

Answer 24

The building blocks of proteins

Question 25

Monosaccharide

Answer 25

A simple sugar, like glucose

Question 26

Disaccharide

Answer 26

Two sugars bonded together

Question 27

Polysaccharide

Answer 27

A long chain of sugars

Question 28

Protein

Answer 28

A molecule made of amino acids that performs various functions in cells.

Question 29

Lipid

Answer 29

A fat molecule, used for energy storage

Question 30

Nucleotide

Answer 30

The building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 31

DNA

Answer 31

The molecule that stores genetic information

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

Helps in protein production.

Question 33

Peptide Bond

Answer 33

A bond that links amino acids together

Question 34

Prokaryote

Answer 34

A simple cell without a nucleus

Question 35

Eukaryote

Answer 35

A complex cell with a nucleus

Question 36

Cell Wall

Answer 36

A rigid structure found in plant and bacterial cells

Question 37

Chloroplast

Answer 37

The organelle where photosynthesis happens

Question 38

Mitochondria

Answer 38

The powerhouse of the cell that produces energy

Question 39

Ribosome

Answer 39

The site of protein synthesis

Question 40

Cytoplasm

Answer 40

The jelly-like substance inside a cell

Question 41

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 41

Packages and transports proteins

Question 42

Lysosome

Answer 42

Breaks down waste in the cell

Question 43

Endosymbiotic Theory

Answer 43

Suggests mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from bacteria.

Question 44

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 44

Two layers of phospholipids that make up the membrane.

Question 45

Diffusion

Answer 45

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Question 46

Osmosis

Answer 46

The movement of water across a membrane

Question 47

Active Transport

Answer 47

Transport that requires energy to move substances

Question 48

Passive Transport

Answer 48

Movement of substances without using energy

Question 49

Endocytosis

Answer 49

Process where the cell takes in material

Question 50

Exocytosis

Answer 50

Process where the cell releases material

Question 51

Glycoprotein

Answer 51

A protein with a carbohydrate attached is important for cell recognition.

Question 52

Buffer

Answer 52

A substance that balances pH

Question 53

Hypotonic

Answer 53

A solution with less solute (more water) than the cell. Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell or burst.

Question 54

Isotonic

Answer 54

A solution with the same amount of solute as the cell. Water moves equally in and out, so the cell stays the same size.

Question 55

Hypertonic

Answer 55

A solution with more solute (less water) than the cell. Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink.