Midterm Ch. 14

Question 1

What is a canker sore

Answer 1

Shallow painful ulceration

< 5 mm thin exudate with red rim

7-10 days, do reoccur

Question 2

Who is at risk for canker sores

Answer 2

Females < 20 years old, genetics, celiac disease, Behcet disease

Smoking, stress, trauma, fever

Question 3

What is Apthous Ulcers

Answer 3

Avoid causative foods and trauma

NSIADS, corticosteroids for txt.

Vitamin B12

Question 4

Herpes simplex virus how does it happen

Answer 4

Occurs during childhood age 2-4

80% asymptomatic

10-20% acute hermetic gingivostomatitis

Question 5

Where do most adults have herpes simplex virus

Answer 5

Dormant, trigeminal ganglion

When reactivated called= Recurrent Herpetic Stomatitis

Question 6

Which herpes is facial

Answer 6

HSV-1

HSV-2 is genital

Question 7

what is oral candidiasis

Answer 7

Infection with Candida albicans

Tongue, cheeks, gums, tonsils

Gray/white pseudomembranes may be scaled off

Question 8

Who is at risk for oral candidiasis

Answer 8

AIDS patients, infants

Txt. Broad spectrum antibiotics, diabetes

DDx. Leukoplakia, Candidemia, oral CA

AKA THRUSH

Question 9

What is a oral fibroma

Answer 9

Modular mass following chronic irritation

Hyperplasia and fibrosis

MC along bite line

Question 10

What is Pyogenic Granuloma

Answer 10

Hemangioma on gingiva, red/purple

FOund in pregnant women and children
HOrmanl factors, irritation
Rapid growth

Remove growth

Question 11

What is leukoplakia

Answer 11

Raised white patches

CANT be scraped off

Epithelial hyperplasia and keratosis

Dysplasia

Affects 3% of population

Question 12

Who is at risk for Leukoplakia

Answer 12

Tobacco, alcohol, candidiasis

Males 2x age 40-70 yrs old

Dx. Of exclusion

Rule out cancer by biopsy

25% pre cancerous- squamous cell carcinoma

Question 13

What is erythroplakia

Answer 13

Red, velvety oral lesion

HIGH RISK, >50% transition into CA

Irregular borders

Risk- tobacco use, males 40-70 yrs old

Question 14

What is the MC oral cancer

Answer 14

Squamous Cell Carcinoma 95%

Poor prognosis <50% long term survival

Risks alcohol, tobacco, >30yrs old, HPV-16 infx.

Question 15

Where is the MC place for oral squamous cell carcinoma to invade

Answer 15

Cervical nodes

Question 16

What is Xerostomia

Answer 16

Dry mouth, due to decreased saliva production

Question 17

What is Sjogren syndrome

Answer 17

Autoimmune atttack on exocrine glands salivary and lacrimal

Question 18

What is Sialadenitis

Answer 18

Inflammation and enlargement of salivary glands

Question 19

What is the difference between viral and bacterial sialadenitis

Answer 19

Viral= Mumps virus parotid
In adults can result in pancreatitis and orchitis

Bacterial=MC staph aureus infxn.

Question 20

What is Mucocele

Answer 20

Saliva collects within tissue= inflamed cyst

Follows ductal obstruction

Lower lip, poostprandial

Question 21

Who is MC affected by salivary gland neoplasms

Answer 21

MC elderly 60-80 yr females

Parotid gland- 65-80% MC

Question 22

Where is the MC malignant salivary gland neoplasms

Answer 22

Sublingual and minor salivary gland 50-90% malignant

Question 23

A parotid gland neoplasm is

Answer 23

Localized mass large 4-6cm, rapid growth, MOBILE

Question 24

What is Pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 24

Benign, 60% of all parotid tumors

May reoccur following excision

Mobile

Question 25

what is carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 25

Invasive, less mobile, 50% 5 yr survival Parotid gland neoplasms

Question 26

What is a Pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 26

Histology is heterogeneous Cartilage and bony

Question 27

What is zenkers diverticulum

Answer 27

Lower pharyngeal outpouching Develops from increased pharyngeal pressure Spasm of cricopharyngeus May be large Bolus accumulation= halitosis

Question 28

How to diagnose a zenkers diverticulum

Answer 28

Barium swallow and video fluoroscopy

Question 29

What are mechanical esophageal lesions

Answer 29

Atresia, tracheal fistula, stenosis Regurgitation diagnosed after birth

Question 30

What are ectopia esophageal lesions

Answer 30

Ectopic gastric mucosa upper 1/3 Asymptomatic MC, irritation, cancer risk

Question 31

What are esophageal varices

Answer 31

Secondary to portal hypertension

Question 32

What is achalasia

Answer 32

Failure of esophagus to relax Chest pain "heartburn" Weight loss Dilates the esophagus Tx= pneumatic dilation, botulinum toxin

Question 33

The "bird-beak sign" is from

Answer 33

Achalasia Using a barium swallow test

Question 34

What is the MC achalasia

Answer 34

Primary- loss of inhibitory innervation of LES Idiopathic

Question 35

What is secondary achalasia

Answer 35

Impairs LES function Chagas' disease (T. Cruzi) Irradiation, diabetes, polio Inflammation near Auerbach's plexus

Question 36

Portal venous congestion affects

Answer 36

The distal esophagus Dilated and tortuous vessels

Question 37

Hepatic schistosomiasis occurs from

Answer 37

Flatworm infection

Question 38

Esophageal varices are asymptomatic and

Answer 38

Risk for severe hemorrhage

Question 39

What occurs from advanced cirrhosis

Answer 39

Liver failure toxins accumulate within CNS Hepatic Encephalopathy (hepatic coma)

Question 40

How often do esophageal varices kill

Answer 40

50% of 1st time bleeds are lethal