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HIS 101 > Midterm - Church history Spring > Flashcards

Midterm - Church history Spring Flashcards

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1
Q

Scholasticism

A

Method of academic discourse which is both broad and narrow. It is most broadly a method of academic discourse. More narrowly, there are various flavors of the methodology adopted and developed by figures like Petrus Ramus and later figures like Petrus Van Mastricht.

Scholasticism describes the technical and academic side of the process of institutionalization -Richard Muller

Tool of the academy which is not specific to philosophy nor theology

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2
Q

Humanism

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Humanism was a movement stemming from the renaissance that worked to reclaim the past. (Ad fontes or back to the sources)
Way of reading texts that reflected ancient learning
The prince of the humanists was Erasmus

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3
Q

Rise of Reformed Scholasticism

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There was a polemical need which gave rise to scholasticism.
As new ideas were introduced and old ideas were reintroduced through ad fontes, there was a need to disseminate information to make it useful to the people and have an abiding impact.
The church as a whole needed to inherit the reformation to produce a lasting effect. It was through scholasticism that the people of the church were taught that they might carry on what was regained.

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4
Q

Contributions of Reformed Scholasticism

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Theological clarity
Archetypal and ectypal theology
Know the past and present

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5
Q

Martin Luther

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Wrote the 95 Theses nailed them to the door of the Church in Wittenberg in 1517
Wrote Treatise on Good Works
Pronounced a heretic by the Catholic Church

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6
Q

The Heidelberg Disputation

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Meeting called by Johannes Staupitz in 1518, where Luther was invited to defend his views

Luther lectured on his 28 Theses, focusing on his “theology of the cross”

Martin Bucer, mentor to Calvin, was in attendance

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7
Q

Treatise on Good Works

A

Written by Martin Luther
Summary of faith and works
Uses the ten commandments as a springboard

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8
Q

To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Concerning the Improvement of the Christian Estate

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Written by Martin Luther to the nobility of Germany who supported the reformation
Was an attack on civil authority, and addressed the issue of separation of church and state
Criticised the Pope’s authority over interpretation of Scripture

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9
Q

The Babylonian Captivity of the Church

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Written by Martin Luther to criticise Rome
Used Babylon as a metaphor for Rome and captivity as a metaphor for the hold they have on the sacraments
Luther states there are only two sacraments, communion and baptism

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10
Q

The Freedom of the Christian

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Written by Martin Luther to Pope Leo X
Henry 8th wrote against Luther because of this piece
Doctrine of justification is being crystalized here

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11
Q

Diet of Worms

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Was the imperial council called by the Pope to try Luther as a heretic
Pronounced him guilty and condemned him to death
Afterwards his friends kidnapped him to protect him from the edict

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12
Q

Frederick the Wise

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Elector of Saxony
Was Martin Luther’s sponsor
Well known for having a large collection of relics

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13
Q

Johann Tetzel

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Commissioned by the Pope to sell indulgences
Had a catchy catch phrase, “as soon as the coin in the coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs.”
Visited Erfurt on Nov. 1st 1517, the day after Luther pinned the 95 Theses

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14
Q

Katherina Von Bora

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Wife to Martin Luther
Previous nun who ran away from her abbey in a fish barrel
Raised six children with Luther

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15
Q

Johann von Staupitz

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Augustinian monk and mentor to Martin Luther
Was the person that encouraged Luther to become a teacher
Later left the Augustinian order to join the benedictine order as an Abbot.

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16
Q

John Calvin

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Born in Noyon France to father Gerard Calvin.
Served in Geneva towards a holistic reform of church and government with William Feral.
Wrote, Institutes of the Christian Religion

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17
Q

Gerard Calvin

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John Calvin’s father
First encouraged John to be a priest, later had a falling out with the church then encouraged him to study law instead
Worked for the local church as a clerk
Excommunicated from the church

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18
Q

Reply to Sadoleto

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Resource confirming Calvin’s conversion happened sometime in 1533
Letter written by John Calvin to Cardinal Sadoleto
1539
Gives reply to catholicism

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19
Q

“Preface” to Commentary on the Psalms

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(1557)
Written by John Calvin in 1557
Second document that confirms Calvin’s conversion in 1533

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20
Q

Theodore Beza

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Said that Calvin, Viret, and Farel together made up the perfect pastor and together brought Geneva to Reformation
Disciple of Calvin
French, Calvin’s sucsessor

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21
Q

Lessons learned from Calvin

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Know the God you proclaim
Proclaim Scripture faithfully and simply
Care for the church in adversity
Develop friends in ministry

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22
Q

Puritans

A

Beginning of the puritan era, Queen Elizabeth’s reign (1558)
The Puritans took the idea of the Reformation and pushed it into the modern world
Puritans sought to purify the church of England and standardize the reformation
John Owen
William Perkins

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23
Q

St. Bartholomew’s day

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A

August 24, 1572
Massacre of the Huguenots in france
France’s way of snuffing out the movement of Reformation

24
Q

Early Orthodoxy (ca. 1565-1618-1640)

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A

Original codifiers of the Reformation
Scots Confession
Heidelberg Catechism
Synod of Dort

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High Orthodoxy (ca. 1640-1685-1725)
Sophistication of Orthodoxy Period of John Owen and Turretin Development of Covenant Theology
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Late Orthodoxy (after ca.1725)
Enlightenment Privatized Religion Unraveling of Reformation
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Robert Bellarmine (1542-1621)
Defended the Catholic Church from Reformation Wrote Disputations Concerning the Controversies of the Christian Faith, Against the Heretics of these days Put into effect the decrees made at the Council of Trent
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Disputations Concerning the Controversies of the Christian Faith, Against the Heretics of these days (1586-1593)
Written by Robert Bellarmine | Provoked over 200 responses
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Socinianism
Anti Trinitarian Precursor to Unitarianism Argued for rational reading of Scripture Started by the Sozznini family: Lelio (uncle) and Fausto (nephew)
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Four Common Myths of Puritanism
Mr. Killjoy Mr. Navalgazer Mr. Dailygrind Mr. Can-Do-No-Wrong
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Defining Puritanism (1558-1689)
No one unified group called the Puritans An abstract term Those who sought to purify the Church of England Emphasized piety over politics Had a fire for reform (“hot Protestants”)
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Thomas Cramner
reformer archbishop of Canterbury Helped HenryVIII get an annulment for his marriage Brutally and cruelly executed by “bloody Mary.”
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Elizabeth I
Came to rule in 1558 o Daughter of Henry the 8th o Last of the Tudor house o Act of Supremacy was passed under her. Wanted uniformity by instituting the Book of Common Prayer in all churches
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James I
o The King James Bible was named after him. o First of the Stuart dynasty. o Due to the gunpowder plot he was harsh with Roman Catholics. o Unified the Crowns of Scotland, Ireland, and England.
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Charles I
o He was the only monarch in English history to be executed o His attempts to have the church of Scotland conform to the BCP caused the bishops war.
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William Laud
Struck fear into the hearts of the Puritans Archbishop of Canterbury Desired conformity of the Protestant church to The Book of Common Prayer Catholic sympathizer
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Oliver Cromwell
o Fought against Charles I in the English Civil War o He was personally a puritan. o Committed treason against the crown and signed onto the murder of Charles 1st. Appointed Owen as vice chancellor of Oxford
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Charles II
o Was the son of Charles 1st, reinstating the monarchy. o He was very anti-puritan o Act of uniformity was enacted under him
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Act of Uniformity
o Enacted by Charles II o Required uniform obedience to the Book of Common Prayer. o Caused the great ejection of thousands of ministered who refused to agree to it.
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Toleration Act
o The end of the puritan age o Allowed liberty to the non-conformists o Signed by William and Mary
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Characteristics of Puritanism
1. Focus on personal piety 2. Stress communion with God 3. Commitment to biblical authority 4. Emphasis on sin and grace 5. Dependence on the Holy Spirit 6. Passion for purity of worship
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William Perkins
(1558-1602) Professor, pastor, popularizer, best selling author Attended Christ College at Cambridge Became mentored by Lawrence Chaderton
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The Golden Chain
(1591) Written by William Perkins Romans 8 Stands against Pelagians, Lutherans, and Papists Says predestination is the work of God’s mercy in Christ; reprobation is based on God’s decree
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Theologoumena
``` John Owen (1661) Later known as Biblical Theology Written after being kicked out of Oxford Looks at theology from Adam to Christ All theology founded on covenant ```
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T1, T2, T0, T-Infinity
T1- The Bible is the only source of divine authority. T2- The Bible and tradition are coequal in authority. T0- No creed but the Bible, “me and Jesus”. (Type of relativism to the individual) T- Infinity- Authorities are relative to their people group.
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The Belgic Confession (ecclesiastical decrees, allows for differing of opinion or objection)
Written in 1561 by Guido de Bres. De Bres was a Student of Calvin and Beza. Birth and death (1522-1576)
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Heidelberg Catechism
Finished 1563 One of three forms of unity Written by Zacharius Ursinus and Caspar Olevianus
48
Synod of Dort (1618-1619)
To Address the Arminian Remonstrants and the five articles which they presented. The articles sought to redefine traditional understandings of predestination, perseverance of the saints, and God’s Sovereignty. To approve the Belgic and Heidelberg confessions as valid and accurate summaries of the Christian faith/biblical teaching.
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Jacob Arminius
He criticised the protestant church from within, seeking to reform the reformation. Presented his doctrine of contingent predestination through a Christ centered doctrinal system. 1560-1609
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Confessional Context that led up to Westminster Assembly
39 Articles Lambic Articles Irish Articles
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Ecclesiastical and Political Context of the Westminster Assembly
The National Covenant Wars of the Three Kingdoms Solemn League and Covenant Calling of the Westminster Assembly
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Work of the Westminster Assembly
``` Directory of Public Worship (1644/5) Form of Presbyterial Church Government (1645) Confession of Faith (1646) Shorter Catechism (1647/8) Larger Catechism (1647/8) ```
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Overview of Significant Contributions of the
``` Westminster Confession Doctrine of Scripture Doctrine of Covenant Doctrine of Christ Doctrine of Adoption Law & Liberty of Conscience Covenant Theology ```
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1558
Elizabeth comes to the throne William Perkins born Reformation stabilizes Start of Puritanism
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Works of Luther
``` Bondage of the Will Treatise on Good Works To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Concerning the Improvement of the Christian Estate The Babylonian Captivity of the Church The Freedom of the Christian ```
56
August 24
Massacre of the Huguenots in france Nonconformists ejected from pulpits John Owen dies
57
John Owen
``` (1616-1683) Puritan, nonconformist Most important English theologian Early advocate of religious toleration Wrote: Mortification of Sin, Communion with God, Hebrews commentary ```

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