Midterm Definitions Flashcards
JNF
The Jewish National Fund, established in 1901, was created to purchase land on the Jew’s behalf and organize settlers. This is significant because this was the beginning of the Jews owning large parts of Palestine, and therefore the start of the Jews “claiming back” Israel.
NILI
Nili stands for Netzach Yisrael Lo Y’shaker, a jewish spy ring. This group supplied the British with information that aided the Allied effort and facilitated Allenby’s successful march to Jerusalem.
Sursuq family
The Sursuq family was a wealthy, Lebanese family that owned a lot of land. In 1921, the JNF purchased a large quantity of land from the Sursuq family, this ended in a large eviction of the land’s Arab tenants at the time.
Musa Kazim al-Husayni
A member of the influential Arab Muslim family living in Jerusalem. He was the head of an Arab executive, which presented Arab views to the high commissioner, called political strikes. One of the first Palestinian institutions.
Tanzimat
Aimed at political and religious equality for all Ottoman subjects, which created more equality for Jews. They were able to observe their religion without opposition.
Kristallnacht
“The Night of Broken Glass,” when Nazi gangs destroyed Jewish property throughout Germany. This encouraged Jews to leave Germany and abandon all their possessions. This was the beginning of concentration camps and increased danger for Jews in Germany.
Izz al-Din al-Qassam
Was a preacher in a Haifa Mosque and started the Arab Rebellion of 1936-1939. He urged his followers to take up arms against the British; however, he was later killed by the British.
1924 US Immigration Act (Johnson-Reed)
Limited the number of immigrants that could come to the US. There was a large influx of Jews to the US, especially from Eastern Europe, and the US wanted to reduce this.
Al-Karmil
Established in 1908, was an anti-Jewish newspaper that was hostile towards Jewish settlement and exclusiveness. This was some of the first hostility towards Jewish settlements in Palestine.
The Stern Gang
A Jewish Terrorist group, also called LEHI. They assassinated the deputy minister of state for Middle East affairs (a British official), because it became known that the British would support the partition of Palestine, which the Jews did not like. After the assassination, the recommendation was withdrawn.
The LSM
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Passfield White Paper
This was issued after the 1930 White Paper to halt Jewish immigration. It recommended that land should only be sold to land-less Arabs. There was such an outcry from Jews over this that it was nullified by the British PM a year later.
Istiqlal
A Palestinian political party
Altalena
Altalena Affair - violent attack between IDF and the Irgun
Plan Dalet
A plan to acquire the areas of Palestine allocated to Israel in the partition resolution by clearing out hostile forces. The plan was to undermine the morale of the Arab population through the use of terror and to “cleanse” the area of the Arab inhabitants.
