Midterm- Defintions

Question 1

Altarpiece

Answer 1

an artwork such as a painting, sculpture or relief representing a religious subject made for placing behind the altar of a Christian church.

Question 2

Apprentice

Answer 2

a person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer, having agreed to work for a fixed period at low wages.

Question 3

Baroque

Answer 3

17th century European Art
Naturalism
Psychology
Fantasy, theatrics

Tenebrism: dramatic use of dark and light

Bernini
Poussin
Caravaggio

Question 4

Chiaroscuro

Answer 4

Tenebrism- use of light and dark

Question 5

Christianity

Answer 5

Based on the teachings of Jesus; the Bible.

Question 6

Counter-Reformation

Answer 6

The catholic reformation (revival)

Contrasted the Protestant reformation.

Question 7

Reformation

Answer 7

16th century European movement that aimed to reform the beliefs of Catholicism.
King Henry the VIII.

Question 8

Darshan

Answer 8

An opportunity or occasion of seeing a holy person or the image of a deity
Hinduism

Question 9

Fresco

Answer 9

a painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling, so that the colors penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries.

Michelangelo’s Last Judgement- Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo’s ceiling and altar wall- Sistine chapel
Da Vinci’s The Last Supper

Question 10

Garvagriha

Answer 10

the sanctum sanctorum, the innermost sanctum of a Hindu temple where resides the murti (idol or icon) of the primary deity of the temple.

Question 11

Hindu

Answer 11

Main religion of India.
Worships many gods, the belief of reincarnation.
Hindu- someone who practices Hinduism.

Question 12

Iconoclasm

Answer 12

"Image breaking"
Byzantine east (726-842)
Prohibition and destruction of works of visual art that were deemed inappropriate.

Question 13

Islam

Answer 13

the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.

Question 14

Kufic

Answer 14

an early angular form of the Arabic alphabet found chiefly in decorative inscriptions

Question 15

Linear (one-point) Perspective

Answer 15

a type of perspective used by artists in which the relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines converging at a point on the horizon.

School of Athens- Raphael

Question 16

Lux nova

Answer 16

A term for stained glass
Coined by Abbot Suger
Gothic style

Question 17

Mandala

Answer 17

a geometric figure representing the universe in Hindu and Buddhist symbolism.

Question 18

Mihrab

Answer 18

Muslim.

A niche in the wall of a mosque, at the point nearest to Mecca, toward which the congregation faces to pray.

Question 19

Mosaic

Answer 19

a picture or pattern produced by arranging together small colored pieces of hard material, such as stone, tile, or glass.

Byzantine Art
Emperor Justinian and his Court- San Vitale

Question 20

Neoclassicism

Answer 20

the revival of a classical style or treatment in art, literature, architecture, or music.
Late 18th century - early 19th century

Question 21

Oil painting

Answer 21

Campin- Mérode alter piece

Bosch- garden of earthly delights

Question 22

Pilgrimage

Answer 22

Romanesque
The religious journey of a pilgrim to a “holy city”
Tourism- Santiago de Compostella
Relics

Reliquary statue of Saint Foy

Question 23

Printmaking

Answer 23

the activity or occupation of making pictures or designs by printing them from specially prepared plates or blocks.

Melancholia I - Dürer

Question 24

Quran

Answer 24

The “bible” of Islam

Sacred book, dedicated to Muhammad

Question 25

Relic

Answer 25

Used the bones of saints, objects that belonged to a saint... Made with precious materials Worshipped

Question 26

Renaissance

Answer 26

"Rebirth" History, culture and art of 14-16th century Western Europe. Early renaissance- Annunciation and Two Saints- Martini and Memi Saint Frances Altarpiece- Berlinghieri

Question 27

Rococo

Answer 27

LATE BAROQUE an elaborately ornamental late baroque style of decoration prevalent in 18th-century Continental Europe, with asymmetrical patterns involving motifs and scrollwork The Swing- Fragonard

Question 28

Romanesque

Answer 28

relating to a style of architecture that prevailed in Europe c. 900–1200, although sometimes dated back to the end of the Roman Empire (5th century

Question 29

Scholasticism

Answer 29

the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities, based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of the early Church Fathers and having a strong emphasis on tradition and dogma Trivium (language) and Quadrivium (math + music)

Question 30

Vanitas

Answer 30

a still-life painting of a 17th-century Dutch genre containing symbols of death or change as a reminder of their inevitability. Vanitas Still Life Painting- Steenwyck (seashell, burned out candle, skull, book...)

Question 31

Woodblock Print

Answer 31

The great wave off Kanagawa | Hokusai 1826-1833

Question 32

Trumeau + tympanum

Answer 32

Architectural doorway Trumeau- pillar Tympanum- the decorative wall (think south portal of Saint Pierre)

Question 33

Ribbed Vault

Answer 33

The intersection of two to three barrel vaults