Midterm Exam💀🏴‍☠️

Question 1

is a scientific field of study that looks at how behavior is controlled and how it contributes to survival and reproductive success

Answer 1

Behavioral Ecology

Question 2

is the passage of communication between two animals

Answer 2

Animal communication

Question 3

What is Zoosemiotics?

Answer 3

The study of animal communication

Question 4

The classical etholigical view of communication was developed by ______________?

Answer 4

Niko Tinbergen

Question 5

Animal communication is also known as

Answer 5

Biological communication

Question 6

What are the 4 types of communication?

Answer 6

Auditory, Visual, Chemical, Tactile

Question 7

What type of communication displays in reproductive and agonistic behaviors?

Answer 7

Visual communication

Question 8

Displays in Reproductive Behavior

Exhibited in this kind of behavior is the use of symbolic activity, with no serious harm done to either combatant

Answer 8

Ritual

Question 9

What kind of behavior?

Both threatening and submissive behavior that determines which competitor gains access to some resource, such as food or a mate

Answer 9

Agonistic behavior

Question 10

What kind of behavior?

Test of Strength

Answer 10

Agonistic behavior

Question 11

What kind of behavior?

Often happens between conflicting individuals

Answer 11

Reconciliation behavior

Question 12

Sending of information from one member to another by sound production

Answer 12

Auditory Communication

Question 13

Auditory communication

The ability of some animals to sense their surroundings by analyzing the reflection of sound waves, or clicks they emit.

Answer 13

Echolocation

Question 14

What are the 2 types of auditory communcation of birds?

Answer 14

Bird call and bird song

Question 15

Bird Call or Bird Song?🤔

Consists of one or more short notes and seem to be instinctive repsonses to danger, nesting, flocking, and a few other basic situations.

Answer 15

Bird Call

Question 16

Bird Call or Bird Song?🤔

Are used primarily to attract mates or establish territory

Answer 16

Bird Song

Question 17

Information transmitted in the form of physical contact

Answer 17

Tactile Communication

Question 18

Animals that communicate by odors to emit signals

Answer 18

Chemical Communication

Question 19

Is the act of searching for wild food resources

Answer 19

Foraging Behavior

Question 20

Is a branch of behavioral ecology that studies the foraging behavior of animals in response to the environment where the animals live

Answer 20

Foraging Theory

Question 21

______________ affects an animal’s fitness because it plays an important role in an animal’s ability to survive and reproduce

Answer 21

Foraging

Question 22

True or False

Foraging behavior only includes eating.

Answer 22

FALSE

Foraging behavior not only includes eating, but also mechanisms used in searching for, recognizing and capturing food.

Question 23

The ________________________ proposes that foraging behavior is a compromise between the benefits of nutrition and the costs of obtaining food.

Answer 23

Optimal Foraging Theory

Question 24

This theory assumes that natural selection acts on the foraging behavior of animals to maximize their energy gain.

Answer 24

Optimal Foraging Theory

Question 25

4 Classifications of Foraging Behavior:

Answer 25

Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Detritovores

Question 26

Factors Influencing Foraging Behavior:

Answer 26

Learning, Genetics, Predation, Parasitism

Question 27

Factors Influencing Foraging Behavior Defined as an adaptive change or modification of a behavior based on a **previous experience**

Answer 27

Learning

Question 28

Factors Influencing Foraging Behavior Refers to the presence of predators while an animal is foraging

Answer 28

Predation

Question 29

Is maintained by frequency-dependent selection, leading to predictable sex ratios at equilibrium

Answer 29

Sexual Polymorphism

Question 30

Sexual Polymorphism the **occurence of different forms** among the members of a population or colony, or in the life cycle of an individual organism

Answer 30

Polymorphism

Question 31

Greek —> having multiple forms

Answer 31

Polymorphism

Question 32

Is the ratio of males to females in a population

Answer 32

Sex Ratio

Question 33

Is a special type of natural selection in which the sexes acquire **distinct forms**

Answer 33

Sexual Selection

Question 34

3 types of mating relationships:

Answer 34

Promiscuous, Monogamy, Polygamy

Question 35

Types of mating relationship No strong pair-bonds or lasting relationship (parang kayo chos)

Answer 35

Promiscuous

Question 36

Types of mating relationship One male mating with only one female

Answer 36

Monogamy

Question 37

Types of mating relationships An individual of one sex is mating with multiple of the other

Answer 37

Polygamy

Question 38

Organisms that interact with physical environment

Answer 38

Physiological Ecology

Question 39

Organisms maintain themselves in improbable steady-state **relative to physical environment** which includes properties of water, air, soils, temperature, and light.

Answer 39

Physiological Ecology

Question 40

Examples of Abiotic Factor

Answer 40

Rain, temperature, salinity, radiation, pollution, and etc.

Question 41

What is the meaning of homeostasis?

Answer 41

“same state”

Question 42

Four physical processes that accounts for heat gain or loss

Answer 42

Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Evaporation

Question 43

Physical processes that accounts for heat gain or loss the transfer of heat by the movement of air or liquid past a surface

Answer 43

Conduction

Question 44

Physical processes that accounts for heat gain or loss direct transfer of thermal motion between molecules of objects in direct contact with each other

Answer 44

Convection

Question 45

Physical processes that accounts for heat gain or loss removal of heat from the surface of a liquid that is losing some of its molecules as gas

Answer 45

Evaporation

Question 46

Physical processes that accounts for heat gain or loss the emission of electromagnetic waves by all objects warmer than absolute zero, including the animal’s body and environment

Answer 46

Radiation

Question 47

Animals have arrangements of blood vessels called ____________________that are important for **reducing heat loss**.

Answer 47

Countercurrent heat exchangers

Question 48

Temperature is a prolonged period of chilling or moist condition that is required for seed germination

Answer 48

Stratification

Question 49

Temperature is a period of **moist-chilling** or **moist-warm** conditions that overcomes physiological dormancy requirements in seeds of some plant species

Answer 49

Stratification

Question 50

Temperature is a period of **cold temperatures** required by some plant species to induce flowering

Answer 50

Vernalization

Question 51

Refers to significant changes in global temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other measure of climate that occur over several decades or longer.

Answer 51

Climate change

Question 52

Why is water necessary?

Answer 52

- Even more than food, water is critical to our immediate survival - Water helps move nutrients throughout your body

Question 53

The study of populations in relation to their environment

Answer 53

Population Ecology

Question 54

Any group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space and functioning as part of a biotic community

Answer 54

Population Growth

Question 55

Population Characteristics Number of individuals per unit of area > examples: counts, sample size estimate, indirect indicators, mark and recapture

Answer 55

Density

Question 56

Population Characteristics Pattern of spacing > examples: clumped, uniform, random

Answer 56

Dispersion

Question 57

Pattern of spacing > __________ - even spacing > __________ is the patchy aggregation > __________ - unpredictable, patternless spacing

Answer 57

> Uniform > Clumped > Random

Question 58

Causes of Population Change:

Answer 58

Natality and Mortality

Question 59

A naturally occuring source of wealth, as land or water

Answer 59

Natural Resources

Question 60

Is the natural wealth of a country consisting of land, forests, mineral deposits, water, etc.

Answer 60

Natural Resources

Question 61

2 ways to classify natural resources:

Answer 61

Biotic resources and Abiotic resources

Question 62

Resources that **can be replaced** by human efforts

Answer 62

Renewable Resource

Question 63

Limited resources that **cannot be replaced** once they are gone

Answer 63

Non-Renewable Resource

Question 64

- An attempt to use a natural resource in a way to **minimize** use of resources such as water and etc. - “aim is to **maintain** the resources in a good condition”

Answer 64

Conservation

Question 65

- An attempt to **prevent** the use of natural resource - “aim is to **preserve**” or keep it intact as it is or was

Answer 65

Preservation

Question 66

**Variability** among living organism from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems

Answer 66

Biological Diversity

Question 67

The “process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged or destroyed”

Answer 67

Recovery or Restoration Ecosystem

Question 68

The maximum number of organisms an ecosystem can hold

Answer 68

Carrying capacity