Midterm exam

Question 1

lines on a map representing an imaginary line on the land surface, all points of which are having the same elevation above a datum plane, usually mean sea level.

Answer 1

Contour Line

Question 2

the determination of elevation of various points on the land and fixing these points of same horizontal positions in the contour map.

Answer 2

Contouring

Question 3

a mapillustratedwith contour lines, for example a topographic map, which thusshowsvalleys and hills, and the steepness or gentlenessofslopes.

Answer 3

Contour map

Question 4

also known as an isoline map, is a map illustrated with contour lines, for example a Topographic map, which thus shows valleys and hills, and the steepness or gentleness of slopes.

Answer 4

Contour map

Question 5

It is very useful since it provides valuable information about the land.

Answer 5

Contour map

Question 6

carried out at the starting of any engineering project such as a road, a railway, a canal, a dam, a building etc.

Answer 6

contour survey

Question 7

Starting at zero elevation or mean sea level, every fifth contour line is a heavier line.

Answer 7

index contour line

Question 8

The contour lines falling between the index contour lines are called _____

Answer 8

intermediate contour lines

Question 9

These lines are finer and do not have their elevations listed.

Answer 9

intermediate contour lines

Question 10

There are normally ______ intermediate contour lines between index contour lines.

Answer 10

four

Question 11

These contour lines resemble dashes.

Answer 11

supplementary contour lines

Question 12

they show changes in elevation of at least one-half the contour interval.

Answer 12

supplementary contour lines

Question 13

normally found where there is very little change in elevation, such as on fairly level terrain.

Answer 13

supplementary contour lines

Question 14

are given in the marginal information.

Answer 14

contour interval

Question 15

_____________ is indicated where the contours are widely separated and; __________ where they run close together

Answer 15

flat ground ; steep-slope

Question 16

A __________ is indicated when the contour lines are uniformly spaced

Answer 16

uniform slope

Question 17

A ___________ when they are straight, parallel and equally spaced.

Answer 17

plane surface

Question 18

A series of closed contour lines on the map represent a ______, if the higher values are inside.

Answer 18

hill

Question 19

Depressions between summits is called a _____.

Answer 19

saddle

Question 20

It represented dip in a ridge or the junction of two ridges.

Answer 20

saddle

Question 21

And in the case of a mountain range, it takes the form of a pass.

Answer 21

saddle

Question 22

g)Contour lines cross ridge or valley at ________

Answer 22

right angles

Question 23

If the higher values are inside the bend or loop in the contour, it indicates a ________

Answer 23

ridge

Question 24

If the higher values are outside the bend, it represents a ______

Answer 24

valley

Question 25

A series of closed contour lines on the map indicate a ______ if the higher values are outside.

Answer 25

depression

Question 26

Contour lines cannot merge or cross one another on map except in the case of an __________

Answer 26

overhanging cliff

Question 27

Contour lines never run into one another except in the case of a _________. In this case, several contours coincide and the horizontal equivalent becomes zero.

Answer 27

vertical cliff

Question 28

All terrain features are derived from a complex landmass known as a ____________

Answer 28

mountain or ridgeline

Question 29

A ________ is a line of changes in low to high ground.

Answer 29

ridgeline

Question 30

A ________ is an area of high ground

Answer 30

hill

Question 31

A ______ is shown on a map by contour lines forming concentric circles. The inside of the smallest closed circle is the hilltop.

Answer 31

hill

Question 32

A _________ is a dip or low point between two areas of higher ground.

Answer 32

saddle

Question 33

A _______ is normally represented as an hourglass.

Answer 33

saddle

Question 34

A _____________ is a stretched-out groove in the land, usually formed by streams or rivers.

Answer 34

valley

Question 35

Contour lines forming a ________ are either U-shaped or V-shaped.

Answer 35

valley

Question 36

A _________ is a sloping line of high ground.

Answer 36

ridge

Question 37

a __________normally has low ground in three directions and high ground in one direction, with varying degrees of slope.

Answer 37

ridge

Question 38

A _________- is a low point in the ground or a sinkhole.

Answer 38

depression

Question 39

It could be described as an area of low ground surrounded by higher ground in all directions, or simply a hole in the ground.

Answer 39

depressionn

Question 40

On maps, _______- are represented by closed contour lines that have tick marks pointing toward low ground.

Answer 40

depression

Question 41

A _____ is a stream course that is less developed than a valley

Answer 41

draw

Question 42

In a ____- , there is essentially no level ground and little or no maneuver room within its confines.

Answer 42

draw

Question 43

A ______-- could be considered as the initial formation of a valley.

Answer 43

draw

Question 44

A ______--- is a short, continuous sloping line of higher ground normally jutting out from the side of a ridge.

Answer 44

spur

Question 45

A _______ is often formed by two roughly parallel streams cutting draws down the side of a ridge.

Answer 45

spur

Question 46

The ground slopes down in three directions and up in one. Contour lines on a map depict a spur with the U or V pointing away from high ground.

Answer 46

spur

Question 47

A ______- is a vertical or near-vertical feature that is an abrupt change of the land.

Answer 47

cliff

Question 48

_________ features are hills, valleys, ridges, saddles, and depressions.

Answer 48

major terrain

Question 49

__________ features include draws, spurs, and cliffs

Answer 49

minor terrain

Question 50

______terrain features include cuts and fills.

Answer 50

supplementary terrain

Question 51

A ___ is a man-made feature resulting from cutting through raised ground, usually to form a level bed for a road or railroad track.

Answer 51

cut

Question 52

A _____ is a man-made feature resulting from filling a low area, usually to form a level bed for a road or railroad track.

Answer 52

fill

Question 53

___________ refers to the deflection of light away from the normal when it transitions from a denser medium to a lighter medium, and vice versa.

Answer 53

refraction

Question 54

____________ is the estimation of areas and volumes leading to the evaluation of excavation and embankment requirements in an engineering scheme such as route alignment, reservoirs, tunnels etc. It involves the loosening, removal and handling of earth quantities in the construction process.

Answer 54

earthwork computation

Question 55

__________ are carried out to provide a level terrace or “bench”, with an even longitudinal slope, on which the drainage and camber can be built.

Answer 55

earthwork

Question 56

The earthwork is usually the costliest operation in the road construction, often accounting for _______ of the construction costs.

Answer 56

more than half

Question 57

The length of the project along the centre line is divided into a series of solids known as _______ by the planes of cross-sections

Answer 57

prismoids