MIDTERM EXAM

Question 1

Subfield of psychology that covers the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.

Example: a strong fear of crowds leads a young woman to seek treatment for her problem

Answer 1

Clinical Psychology

Question 2

Subfield that covers Study of higher mental processes.

Example: Is there anything that can slow down the cognitive decline of Alzheimer’s

Answer 2

Cognitive Psychology

Question 3

Subfield that Focuses on career, educational, social adjustment problems.

Example: A counselor helps athletes achieve their goals and be their best selves

Answer 3

Counseling psychology

Question 4

Subfield that covers change and stability across lifespan, from conception through death

Answer 4

Developmental psychology

Question 5

Subfield that covers legal issues:

Answer 5

Forensic psychology

Question 5

Subfield that covers how do we perceive/sense the world.

How do we learn about the world

Answer 5

Experimental psychology

Question 6

Subfield that covers under what conditions students work best:

Answer 6

Educational psychology

Question 7

Subfield that covers relationship between psychological factors and health/disease:

Example: Does belief in religious doctrine affect longevity?

Answer 7

Health psychology

Question 8

Subfield that covers the psychology of the workplace.

Example: Do workers perform better when they are paid by the piece or hour?

Answer 8

Industrial Organizational Psychology (IO)

Question 9

Subfield that covers the biological basis of behavior.

Example: Researchers have learned that dopamine is a neurotransmitter that affects the tremors of Parkinson’s patients

Answer 9

Neuropsychology

Question 10

Subfield that covers gender issues such as workplace discrimination and violence against women.

Answer 10

Psychology of Women

Question 11

Subfield that covers How are we affected/influenced by others.

Example: why individuals conform to the behavior of others

Answer 11

Social psychology

Question 12

Subfield that covers Counseling elementary and secondary school children with academic or emotional problems:

Answer 12

School psychology

Question 13

Research method where Existing data are examined, like census records, newspaper files, national archives:

Answer 13

Archival research

Question 14

Research method where we observe naturally occurring behavior without interference, like studying gorillas’ in their habitat:

Answer 14

Naturalistic observation

Question 15

Research method where the best way to find out what people think and what they do is ask them. Take a sample of people to represent a group:

Answer 15

Survey research

Question 16

Downside of this research method is that people may change their behavior when they are observed and can’t control factors.

Answer 16

Downside of naturalistic observation

Question 17

Downside of this research method is that people may not be honest:

Answer 17

Downside of survey research

Question 17

Characteristics that can change/vary are called:

Answer 17

Variables

Question 18

As one variable increases the other variable increases, this is called:

Answer 18

Positive correlation

Question 18

As one variable increases the other decreases, this is called:

Answer 18

Negative correlation

Question 19

Strength and direction of the relationship is called:

Answer 19

Correlation coefficient

Question 19

The stronger the association, the closer will be to (N) , and the weaker the association will be closer to (N).
If its negative its closer to (-N)

Answer 19

Strong correlation (close to 1) , weak correlation (close to 0), negative correlation (close to -1)

Question 20

Correlation is not ____

Answer 20

Causation

Question 20

Only way to determine cause and effect:

Answer 20

Experimental research

Question 21

Is the variable that is manipulated:

Answer 21

Independent variable

Question 21

is the variable that is being measured:

Answer 21

Dependent variable

Question 22

Is a nerve cell, fundamental element of the nervous system:

Answer 22

Neuron

Question 22

part of neuron that receives messages from other neurons:

Answer 22

Dendrites

Question 22

Part of a Neuron that helps speed up electrical transmission:

Answer 22

Myelin Sheath

Question 23

The electric impulse is called:

Answer 23

Action potential

Question 23

Neurons either fire or they don't, this is called:

Answer 23

All or nothing

Question 23

Neuron conveys a message to another neuron across a junction called_____(gap between neurons)

Answer 23

Synapse

Question 23

Messages that Cause neurons to fire, which means they pass a message on to the next cell.

Answer 23

Excitatory messages

Question 23

Prevent neurons from firing, which means they stop a chemical message from being passed on.

Answer 23

Inhibitory messages

Question 24

part of neuron that receives chemicals, proteins that recognize and bind to specific molecules

Answer 24

Receptor site

Question 25

part of the neuron where electrical impulses affect chemical messengers:

Answer 25

Axon Terminal

Question 25

Addicting substances cause changes in levels of _____

Answer 25

Dopamine

Question 26

Overproduction of dopamine causes:

Answer 26

Schizophrenia

Question 26

Dopamine deficiency causes:

Answer 26

Parkinson's

Question 26

Long lasting chronic disease of the central nervous system (Autoimmune). Myelin sheets degenerate

Answer 26

Multiple sclerosis

Question 26

Are schizophrenia symptoms the same for everyone?

Answer 26

No

Question 26

The positive symptoms of schizophrenia reflect an excess or distortion of normal function. They include:

Answer 26

Hallucinations, voices

Question 26

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia reflect a diminution or absence of normal behaviors. They include:

Answer 26

flattened emotions, lack of motivation, apathy

Question 26

Cognitive characteristics of schizophrenia include

Answer 26

-Attention deficits -Memory problems -Problems with planning, problem-solving, and decision-making . -Social cognition problems -Confused thinking and speech -Slow processing speed

Question 26

is the oldest part of the brain and regulates basic survival functions

Answer 26

Old Brain

Question 27

Mention the parts of the old brain:

Answer 27

-Limbic system. (It includes the amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus) . -Cerebellum -Thalamus -Pons -medulla

Question 27

Medulla controls:

Answer 27

breathing

Question 27

Pons coordinates ___ and regulates____

Answer 27

Coordinates heart rate and regulates sleep

Question 28

the cerebellum is responsible for:

Answer 28

Movement coordination, balance

Question 28

Is the relay station for sensory information (eyes, ears, skin, taste) (except smell) :

Answer 28

Thalamus

Question 29

triggers the release of dopamine, rewards activities like eating, drinking and sex (4 F's food, flight, fight reproduction) :

Answer 29

Hypothalamus

Question 29

Controls levels of fear and aggression

Answer 29

Amygdala

Question 29

In charge of learning, memory and smell:

Answer 29

Hippocampus

Question 29

What is the function of the frontal lobe:

Answer 29

Speaking, personality, thinking, problem solving

Question 29

What is the function of the Temporal lobe:

Answer 29

Sound, speech, comprehension

Question 30

What is the function of the parietal lobe:

Answer 30

Touch

Question 30

What is the function of the occipital lobe:

Answer 30

Sight

Question 30

Is the detection of physical energy:

Answer 30

Sensation

Question 30

It's how we organize and interpret sensations:

Answer 30

Perception

Question 30

What we see as color are actually waves of:

Answer 30

Light

Question 31

Amplitude in electromagnetic spectrum determines:

Answer 31

brightness

Question 31

is the Part of the eye where the light enters..it's a protective, transparent window

Answer 31

Cornea

Question 32

Part of the eye that is the adjustable opening:

Answer 32

Pupil

Question 32

Colored part of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil:

Answer 32

Iris

Question 32

Small pupil increases___

Answer 32

Focus

Question 32

Large pupil lets in more light but...

Answer 32

Details are harder to see

Question 32

Focuses the image on the retina

Answer 32

Lens

Question 32

The retina has_____

Answer 32

Rods and cones

Question 32

Where electromagnetic energy is converted to electrical impulses----

Answer 32

Retina

Question 32

It's where the optic nerve leaves the eye:

Answer 32

Blindspot

Question 32

Photoreceptors that allow us to see black and white (enables night vision)

Answer 32

Rods (120 million of them)

Question 33

Rods and cones respond to light and produce neural impulses that are collected by:

Answer 33

Bipolar cells

Question 33

Receptor cells that detect color and function in bright light:

Answer 33

Cones (6 million of them)

Question 33

Movement of air molecules via vibration:

Answer 33

Sound

Question 33

Smallest bones in the body (they are inside the ear)

Answer 33

Anvil, Hammer, Stirrup

Question 33

What is the function of hair cells?

Answer 33

To send neural impulses

Question 33

Process by which the lens changes shape to focus light on the retina?

Answer 33

Accomodation

Question 33

What does the eardrum do?

Answer 33

vibrate in response to sound waves.

Question 33

Amplitude of sound waves determines:

Answer 33

Loudness

Question 33

The process of the brain adapting is called:

Answer 33

Neuroplasticity

Question 33

flash of sound used to solicit echoes from the environment (used by some blind people)

Answer 33

flash sonar

Question 33

what part of the brain is active during echolocation?

Answer 33

occipital lobe (visual cortex)