Midterm Exam

Question 1

insulin

Answer 1

regulates glucose sugar in blood

Question 2

pancreas

Answer 2

secretes insulin and glucagon

Question 3

glucagon

Answer 3

secreted when blood levels drop; promotes breakdown of glycogen stores to release glucose
-more active in fasting state

Question 4

cholecytokinin (CCK)

Answer 4

released when fat enters small intestines; prompts gallbladder to release bile into small intestines
-more active in fed state

Question 5

leptin

Answer 5

feeling of fullness; amount of leptin correlates to amount of body fat; produced in adipose
-more active in fed state

Question 6

gherlin

Answer 6

hormone that induces hunger; produced in stomach cells
-more active in fasting state

Question 7

hyperglycemia

Answer 7

high blood glucose concentrations

Question 8

hypoglycemia

Answer 8

low blood glucose concentrations

Question 9

fasting plasma glucose

Answer 9

measures amount of glucose in ones plasma in a fasting state

Question 10

A1C

Answer 10

test that measures percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose attached

Question 11

proteins (where)

Answer 11

muscles, blood, skin, ligaments, tendons, antibodies

Question 12

protein (composition)

Answer 12

C,H,O,N; amino and an acid group

Question 13

denaturation

Answer 13

change in shape=loss in function; essential for digestion

Question 14

glycogen

Answer 14

storage form of glucose

Question 15

dietary reference intakes

Answer 15

guide to macronutrients

Question 16

macronutrients % recommended per day

Answer 16

carbs: 45-65%
protein: 10-35%
fats: 20-35%

Question 17

carb- monosaccharides

Answer 17

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 18

carb- disaccaride

Answer 18

lactose, maltose, sucrose

Question 19

carb digestion

Answer 19

amylase- mouth
small intestine- digestion starts for most carbs

Question 20

how does glucose get into the cell

Answer 20

glucose is absorbed directly into the bloodstream, but cannot enter the cell’s without the help of insulin

Question 21

protein digestion
protein absorption

Answer 21

primarily occurs in the stomach with enzyme pepsin
absorption: small intestine

Question 22

pepsin

Answer 22

inactive form: pepsinogen
active form: pepsin

Question 23

protease

Answer 23

breaks down peptide bonds

Question 24

protein absorption

Answer 24

stomach, small intestines, blood stream and liver

Question 25

3 main fat types

Answer 25

phospholipids, triglycerides, sterols

Question 26

emulsification

Answer 26

disperses hydrophobic substances in aqueous solutions

Question 27

saturation

Answer 27

refers to the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon

Question 28

long chain fatty acids

Answer 28

12-24 carbons meat, vegetable oils

Question 29

medium chain fatty acids

Answer 29

6-10 carbons butter, coconut oil, palm oil

Question 30

short chain fatty acids

Answer 30

fewer than 6 butter

Question 31

lipase

Answer 31

breaks down fats pancreatic and intestinal

Question 32

kcal vs. cal

Answer 32

1kcal= 1000cal

Question 33

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Answer 33

amount of energy needed to carry out basic metabolic functions; amount of energy used at rest

Question 34

calorimetry

Answer 34

measurement of heat energy liberated or absorbed in metabolic processes; malnutrition critical illness

Question 35

indirect calorimetry

Answer 35

measures BMR

Question 36

Mifflin st. Jeor

Answer 36

determines resting metabolic rate

Question 37

Harris Benedict

Answer 37

determines BMR

Question 38

hamwi equation

Answer 38

ideal body weight

Question 39

visceral

Answer 39

surrounding organs

Question 40

android

Answer 40

apple shape

Question 41

appendicular

Answer 41

pear shape

Question 42

which body types are at the highest risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome

Answer 42

android and visceral