Midterm Exam Flashcards by Stephanie Cabral Alcala

/i/

high front unrounded tense

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Examples of /i/

feet, beat, keep, tea

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/I/

high front unrounded lax

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Examples of /I/

middle, big, if, win

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/e/

mid front unrounded tense

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Examples of /e/

usually pronounced as a diphthong

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/ɛ/

mid front unrounded lax

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Examples of /ɛ/

egg, effort, bend

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/æ/

low front unrounded

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Examples of /æ/

sad, cap, faculty

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/u/

high back rounded tense

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Examples of /u/

too, food, truth

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/ʊ/

high back rounded lax

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/o/

mid back rounded tense

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Examples of /ʊ/

put, foot, book

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Examples of /o/

usually pronounced as a diphthong most times as /o͡ʊ/

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/ɔ/

mid back rounded lax

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Examples of /ɔ/

caught, law

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/ɑ/

low back unrounded

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Examples of /ɑ/

pot, hop

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/ɝ/

mid central rounded vowel with r-coloring & stressed

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Examples of /ɝ/

burn, purr, and return

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/ɚ/

mid central unrounded vowel with r-coloring & unstressed

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Examples of /ɚ/

stranger and zipper, burger

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/ʌ/

mid central unrounded stressed

Examples of /ʌ/

sun and up

/ə/

mid central unrounded unstressed

Examples of /ə/

above, switches, comma

/e͡ɪ/

mid front unrounded onglide and high front unrounded offglide

Examples of /e͡ɪ/

rate, shake, maid, cake, stain

/o͡ʊ/

mid back rounded onglide and high back rounded offglide

Examples of /o͡ʊ/

bone, loan, crow

/a͡ɪ /

low front unrounded onglide and high front unrounded offglide

Examples of /a͡ɪ /

type, line, sigh

/a͡ʊ/

low front unrounded onglide and high back rounded offglide

Examples of /a͡ʊ/

how, crowded, foul

/ɔ͡ɪ/

mid back rounded onglide and high front unrounded offglide

Examples of /ɔ͡ɪ/

toy, boil, void

/ɑ͡ɚ/

mid central unrounded vowel with r-coloring

Examples of /ɑ͡ɚ/

car, heart, farm

/ɛ͡ɚ/

mid central unrounded vowel with r-coloring

Examples of /ɛ͡ɚ/

bear, hair, mare

/ ɪ͡ɚ/

mid central unrounded vowel with r-coloring

Examples of / ɪ͡ɚ/

hear, pier, beer

/ɔ͡ɚ/

mid central unrounded vowel with r-coloring

Examples of /ɔ͡ɚ/

store, floor, pour

/p/

voiceless bilabial stop ex: pig, tap

/b/

voiced bilabial stop ex: big, tab

/t/

voiceless alveolar stop ex: tie, bet

/d/

voiced alveolar stop ex: dye, bed

/ɾ/

after a stressed and before an unstressed syllable as in 'better' and 'ladder' single rapid contact of tongue and alveolar ridge

/k/

voiceless velar stop ex: curl, lack

/g/

voiced velar stop ex: girl, lag

/m/

voiced bilabial nasal ex: mop, hum

/n/

voiced alveolar nasal ex: nice, run

/ŋ/

voiced velar nasal ex: singer, thing

/f/

voiceless labiodental fricative ex: fine, leaf

/v/

voiced labiodental fricative ex: vine, leave

/θ/

voiceless interdental fricative ex: thin, bath

/ð/

voiced interdental fricative ex: this, breathe

/s/

voiceless alveolar fricative ex: sink, race

/z/

voiced alveolar fricative ex: zinc, raise

/ʃ/

voiceless postalveolar fricative ex: shock, brush

/ʒ/

voiced postalveolar fricative ex: Jacques, beige

/h/

voiceless glottal fricative ex: here

/tʃ/

voiceless postalveolar affricate ex: chug, rich

/dʒ/

voiced postalveolar affricate ex: jug, ridge

/w/

voiced labio-velar glide ex: wing

/j/

voiced palatal glide ex: yes

/r/

voiced alveolar central approximant or voiced palatal central approximant as in 'road'

/l/

voiced alveolar lateral approximant ex: low, hall

"light" /l/

Ex: low, yellow marked by a curved front of the tongue

"dark" /l/

Ex: hall, folder marked by an elevation of the back of the tongue