Midterm Exam

Question 1

Opera Buffa

Answer 1

• Italian form of comic opera (sung throughout)
• sung in Italian (vernacular)
• dialogue rapid recitative over basso continuo

Question 2

Intermezzo

Answer 2

• little mini operas performed during intermissions of an opera seria
• originated in Naples and Venice
• 2 or 3 actors
• alternating recitatives and arias
• most had same plot: servant tricks upper classman

Question 3

Opera comique

Answer 3

• a french comic opera
• Spoken dialogue instead of recitative
• popular at suburban fairs
• mostly popular tunes with new words

Question 4

Singspiel

Answer 4

• A singing play in Germany and Austria
• includes spoken dialogue instead of recitative

Question 5

Ballad opera

Answer 5

• English comic opera
• music was new words to borrowed tunes
• sung in vernacular
• over time, more original music

Question 6

Opera seria

Answer 6

• serious Italian operas
• Rome decided operas should either be serious or comic
• often plotted around two noble lovers
• themes of love vs. duty
• three acts, alternating recitatives and arias
• musical interest centered in arias and popular singers

Question 7

Reform Opera

Answer 7

• Changes in opera that reflected enlightenment thought
• sought to make opera more natural and more about opera
• music and structure more flexible and expressive
• heightened drama, more color and depth
• overture should be related to opera
• music serves the poetry

Question 8

Aria

Da capo aria

Answer 8

A solo in an opera that gives one singer time to shine. Plot does not move forward.

Form of da capo: Ritornello, A section, B section (contrasts with A) , A again with ornaments gf

Question 9

Recitative (secco, simple, and accompanied)

Answer 9

Through composed opera music that tells a story
Secco: only basso continuo playing simple chords
Simple: same as secco
Accompanied: orchestra plays along. Reserved for intense moments

Question 10

Symphony

Answer 10

Early orchestral work inspired by french overtures.
1st mvt: sonata form (fast)
2nd mvt: slow, anything possible
3rd mvt: minuet and trio
4th mvt: fast, rondo, sonata-rondo, or sonata

Question 11

String quartet

Answer 11

Early ensemble arrangement to be played for fun at home. Also derived from the french overtures. Same mvt form as symphonies.

Question 12

Sonata

Answer 12

Popular form in the classical era.
- exposition: A (theme 1, transition, theme 2)
- Development: B (modulation, sequences, motivic, Etc)
- recapitulation: A (theme 1, transition, theme 2 in same key)

Question 13

Concerto

Answer 13

Solo work for inspired by baroque concertos. Accompanied by orchestra.
Mvt 1: sonata form (fast)
Mvt 2: slow, anything possible
Mvt 3: faster. rondo, sonata-rondo, or sonata.

Question 14

Enlightenment

Answer 14

In italy, centered in milan. Humanitarian movement about the welfare of mankind.
People belived they could solve all kinds of problems with observation and reasoning.

Question 15

Philosophes (who where they? Names?)

Answer 15

Voltaire, Montesquieu, Jean-Jaques Rousseau. Known as Philosophes. Wrote the Encyclopedie.

Question 16

Galant style

Answer 16

“Elegant” music built around easy to listen to phrases and melodies.
frequent cadences and light accompaniment.
Most popular style in classical period.

Question 17

Empfindsam style (empfindsamkeit)

Answer 17

• Sensitive style
• very expressive
• chromaticism,
  Nervous rythms, speech like melodies

Question 18

Period

Answer 18

An expression of music that starts with an opening, middle, and cadence.

Question 19

Sentence

Question 20

Rhetoric

Question 21

Schema and schemata

Question 22

Querelle des bouffons

Question 23

Piano, pianoforte, fortepiano

Question 24

Topics

Question 25

Cadenza

Question 26

Mezzo carattere

Question 27

Baryton

Question 28

Beethoven’s three periods

Question 29

Heiligenstadt Testament

Question 30

Clavichord

Question 31

Harpsichord

Question 32

H. C. Koch

Question 33

G. B. Pergolesi

Question 34

Pierto Matastasio

Answer 34

- foremost librettist for opera seria - set the standard for opera - was a court poet in Vienna - themes of love vs. duty

Question 35

Faustina Bordoni

Question 36

Jean-Jacques Rosseau

Question 37

C. W. von Gluck

Answer 37

- Main composer associated with reform - Became court composer in 1750s - Wanted composers to be more in charge over their operas.

Question 38

Raniero de Calzabigi

Question 39

Domenico Scarlatti

Question 40

C. P. E. Bach

Question 41

J. C. Bach

Question 42

G. B. Sammartini

Question 43

Johann Stamitz

Question 44

Joseph Haydn

Question 45

Esterhazy family

Question 46

J. P. Salomon

Question 47

W. A. Mozart

Question 48

Leopold Mozart

Answer 48

Mozart’s father

Question 49

Nannerl Mozart

Answer 49

Mozart’s sister

Question 50

Lorenzo da ponte

Question 51

Ludwig van Beethoven

Question 52

J. G. Albrechtsberger

Answer 52

Beethoven’s teacher

Question 53

Napoleon

Question 54

Bartolomeo Cristofori

Answer 54

Invented the pianoforte

Question 55

Ludwig von Köchel

Question 56

Comic opera

Answer 56

- each land had a different type - plots entertained and served moral purpose - centered on ordinary people in present day