Midterm Exam

Question 1

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 1

ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms because of high interest rates and taxes

Question 2

Virginia Plan

Answer 2

proposal to create a strong national government

Question 3

New Jersey Plan

Answer 3

proposal to create a weak national government

Question 4

Great Compromise

Answer 4

plan for popularly-elected House & two members from each state for Senate

Question 5

When did the articles of confederation go into effect?

Answer 5

1781

Question 6

How many states were needed to pass legislation under the articles of confederation?

Answer 6

9/13

Question 7

Federalism

Answer 7

government authority shared by state and national governments

Question 8

Judicial Review

Answer 8

power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional

Question 9

Separation of powers

Answer 9

sharing of constitutional authority by 3 branches of government

Question 10

Checks & Balances

Answer 10

constitutional ability for 3 branches of government to limit each other’s power

Question 11

Mercantilism

Answer 11

belief in benefits of profitable trading (generating wealth through trade of slaves, natural resources, etc.)

Question 12

Capitalism

Answer 12

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state (free-market)

Question 13

Social Contract Theory

Answer 13

concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual (humans have natural rights)

Question 14

Enumerated Powers & examples

Answer 14

powers granted to the federal government; declare war, run post office, raise Army/Navy

Question 15

Reserved Powers & examples

Answer 15

powers granted to the state government; infrastructure, public safety/health, morality

Question 16

North vs. South Compromise

Answer 16

3/5 Compromise- each slave considered 3/5 a person (when counting representatives)

Question 17

Full Faith & Credit Clause

Answer 17

states have different laws (a legal act in one state could be illegal in another)

Question 18

Privileges & Immunities Clause

Answer 18

states must grant privileges to non-state residents and they can also make things different for them (such as raise their tuition)

Question 19

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 19

representatives from 9 colonies gathered to devise a unified protest against British taxation

Question 20

16th Amendment

Answer 20

created federal income tax

Question 21

17th Amendment

Answer 21

created Senate (2 members from each state)

Question 22

1st, 2nd, 3rd Articles

Answer 22

1st- Legislative
2nd- Executive
3rd- Judicial

Question 23

roles of each branch of government

Answer 23

Legislative- writes laws
Executive- enforces laws
Judicial- interprets laws

Question 24

Autarky

Answer 24

self-independence

Question 25

Concurrent Powers

Answer 25

powers shared by state and national governments

Question 26

Rule of 4

Answer 26

4/9 Supreme Court justices can grant a writ of certiorari

Question 27

10th Amendment

Answer 27

Reserved Powers

Question 28

Writ of Certiorari

Answer 28

when an appellate court decides to review a case from lower courts

Question 29

Exclusionary Rule

Answer 29

prohibits use of illegally obtained evidence (Mapp v. Ohio)

Question 30

5th Amendment

Answer 30

protects against double jeopardy, guarantee of due process & just compensation

Question 31

6th Amendment

Answer 31

right to an attorney and a speedy and public trial

Question 32

4th Amendment

Answer 32

Search & Arrest warrants

Question 33

1st Amendment

Answer 33

freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition

Question 34

When was the Bill of Rights ratified?

Answer 34

1791

Question 35

selective incorporation

Answer 35

application of Bill of Rights to the states (Barron v. Baltimore)

Question 36

Establishment Clause

Answer 36

Congress can't create an official religion

Question 37

When was the Constitution ratified?

Answer 37

1789

Question 38

Ratification Clause

Answer 38

9/13 states have to agree

Question 39

apportionment

Answer 39

dividing states into congressional districts

Question 40

legitimacy

Answer 40

political authority conferred by law or by state or national constitution

Question 41

implied powers

Answer 41

powers given to the federal government not stated in the constitution (McCulloch v. Maryland)

Question 42

National Supremacy Clause

Answer 42

national government given authority when there is a dispute between state and national governments