Midterm Exam (Lectures 9-12)

Question 1

What protein is DNA “wrapped around?”

Answer 1

histones

Question 2

True or False - DNA, RNA, and proteins are linear polymers?

Answer 2

True

DNA & RNA made out of 4 monomeric units (nucleotides)
Protein made out of 20 monomeric units (aa)

Question 3

Which part of the DNA is the protein coding region? Which part of the DNA is the non-coding region?

Answer 3

Exon = coding region
Intron = non-coding region

Question 4

How are non-coding sections of RNA removed after transcription?

Answer 4

via splicing

Question 5

Which chromosome is NAT2 gene on?

Answer 5

8

Question 6

What is the start codon sequence for every protein?

Answer 6

ATG

Question 7

What are the (3) stop codons for every protein?

Answer 7

TAA, TAG, TGA

Question 8

Where is the Kodak sequence located?

Answer 8

around the start codon; this code cannot change

Question 9

What type of mutation results in a premature stop codon?

Answer 9

Nonsense mutation

Question 10

What type of mutation results in coding for a different a.a.?

Answer 10

Missense mutation

Question 11

True or False - a frame shift mutation where a single nucleotide is eliminated from the code typically results in termination of translation?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What are (4) consequences of SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)?

Answer 12

1. amino acid changes
2. formation of stop codons
3. abrogation (canceling) of splicing
4. delay in protein synthesis

Question 13

True or False - the human genome is almost exactly the same in every human (99.9%)?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

All of the following represent complications of analysis of the Human Genome Project, except:

A) small genes can be difficult to detect
B) one gene can code for several protein products
C) some genes code only for RNA
D) two genes can overlap
E) all the above are true

Answer 14

E

Question 15

A SNP in which both forms lead to the same polypeptide sequence is termed what?

Answer 15

synonymous or silent mutation

Question 16

Name the (2) type of ADRs?

Answer 16

Type A - dose dependent

Type B - idiosyncratic (individual predisposition)

Question 17

Name (3) commonly identified drugs in ADRs?

Answer 17

1. Warfarin
2. Isoniazid
3. Imipramine

Question 18

True or False - a poor metabolizer has a 2-fold elevated risk for adverse drug effects?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

How many deleterious mutations per person per generation are there?

Answer 19

3

Question 20

How many GENOTYPES are possible with these two alleles: NAT24 and NAT25?

Answer 20

3

1) NAT24/4
2) NAT24/5
3) NAT25/5

Question 21

The effect of alleles on phenotype:

Dominant phenotype is manifested in ________

Recessive phenotype is manifested only in _______

Answer 21

dominant manifested in heterozygotes

recessive manifested only in homozygotes

Question 22

Genetic testing is required for which 2 drugs?

Answer 22

1. Cetuximab (EGFR expression)
2. Trastuzumab (Her2/neu overexpression)

both monoclonal antibody drugs