Midterm Exam Review

Question 1

What is the first step of the scientific method?

Answer 1

Ask a question

Question 2

What is the second step of the scientific method?

Answer 2

Conduct background research

Question 3

What is the third step of the scientific method?

Answer 3

Form a hypothesis

Question 4

What is the fourth step of the scientific method?

Answer 4

Conduct and design an experiment

Question 5

What is the fifth step of the scientific method?

Answer 5

Analyze data

Question 6

What is the sixth step of the scientific method?

Answer 6

Draw conclusions and communicate results

Question 7

What is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can incorporate laws, hypotheses and facts?

Answer 7

A theory

Question 8

What is an educated guess/inference as to what will happen in an experiment on the natural world?

Answer 8

A hypothesis

Question 9

How do you calculate magnification?

Answer 9

Objective lense x 10

Question 10

What specialized cell do cyanobacteria possess to fix nitrogen?

Answer 10

Heterocysts

Question 11

How do cyanobacteria participate in a symbiotic relationship with plants?

Answer 11

Cyanobacteria gain protection, shelter, and food in the form of sugar
Plants gain nitrogen to perform photosynthesis

Question 12

What is the first step of the gram staining process?

Answer 12

Heat fix the bacteria to the slide under flame for 3 swipes

Question 13

What is the second step of the gram staining process?

Answer 13

Flood slide with crystal violet for 1 minute then rinse with D.I. water for 10 seconds

Question 14

What is the third step of the gram staining process?

Answer 14

Flood slide with iodine for 1 minute then rinse with D.I. water for 10 seconds

Question 15

What is the fourth step of the gram staining process?

Answer 15

Rinse slid with alcohol for 10 seconds then rinse with D.I. water for 10 seconds

Question 16

What is the fifth step of the gram staining process?

Answer 16

Flood slide with safranin for 45 seconds then rinse with D.I. water for 10 seconds

Question 17

Gram positive bacteria have a ______ peptidoglycan cell wall and appear _____ in color

Answer 17

Thick, purple

Question 18

Gram negative bacteria have a ______ peptidoglycan cell wall and appear _____ in color

Answer 18

Thin, pink

Question 19

Name the components of a gram positive bacterial cell wall?

Answer 19

Thick peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, cytoplasmic membrane

Question 20

Name the components of a gram negative bacterial cell wall?

Answer 20

Outer membrane, thin peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharides, cytoplasmic membrane, membrane proteins

Question 21

Define attributes of prokaryotes

Answer 21

no nucleus, free floating DNA, very small, ribosomes, no membrane bound organelles

Question 22

Define attributes of eukaryotes

Answer 22

DNA enclosed in nucleus, very large, membrane bound organelles

Question 23

On a phylogenetic tree, which group contains all common ancestors and all descendants?

Answer 23

Monophyletic

Question 24

On a phylogenetic tree, which group contains partial common ancestors and all descendants?

Answer 24

Polyphyletic

Question 25

On a phylogenetic tree, which group contains all common ancestors and partial descendants?

Answer 25

Paraphyletic

Question 26

What is the concept where species that are better suited for an environment will produce more offspring and pass on those alleles or traits?

Answer 26

Natural selection

Question 27

What is the concept where there is a random change in the frequency of a gene variant, or allele, in a population over time?

Answer 27

Genetic drift

Question 28

What is the type of evolution where species acquire enough distinct characteristics and become two separate species

Answer 28

Divergent evolution

Question 29

What is the type of evolution where two unrelated species display similar homologies or occupy similar ecological niches?

Answer 29

Convergent evolution

Question 30

What is unique about supergroup excavata?

Answer 30

They have a excavated feeding groove from the cell surface.

Question 31

What makes excavata flexible?

Answer 31

Protein ribbons

Question 32

Trypanosoma's are kinetoplastid excavata protists, what helps them swim?

Answer 32

Undulating membrane, composed of the flagella and the cell wall

Question 33

Is euglena from the excavata supergroup photosynthetic?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

Stamenopila are a group of protists who swim using what?

Answer 34

Straw-like harline projections on the surface of their flagella

Question 35

Why are diatoms, a member of the stramenopila supergroup so important?

Answer 35

The provide an estimated 25% of all organic carbon fixation on the planet and are a source of atmospheric oxygen.

Question 36

What are diatoms cell wall composed of?

Answer 36

Silicone dioxide

Question 37

The alveolata supergroup contain what kinds of sacs?

Answer 37

Air filled sacs hypothesized to be used for ion transport

Question 38

Dinoflagellates are members of alveolata and use what as armor?

Answer 38

Cellulose plates

Question 39

Dinoflagellates are import in what ecological roles?

Answer 39

As endosymbionts of coral and red tide

Question 40

What is a directional behavior and response to a stimulus?

Answer 40

Taxis

Question 41

Does a paramecium sp. exhibit taxis?

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

Why are rhizaria important

Answer 42

They transport carbon from the surface of the ocean to the ocean floor

Question 43

How do rhizaria move?

Answer 43

Pseudopodia

Question 44

Unikota supergroup contains amoeba sp., how does amoeba sp. move?

Answer 44

Pseudopodia and cytoplasmic streaming

Question 45

How are seaweeds primary producers?

Answer 45

They photosynthesize and produce sugar, seaweed is used as a habitat and food source for various marine creatures

Question 46

If a plant has a root system, stems, leaves, is well defined, and very large, how would you classify it?

Answer 46

Vascular

Question 47

How would we know if a plant is not vascular?

Answer 47

It lacks root systems, or fruit, seeds, etc.

Question 48

What is a sprophyte?

Answer 48

Diploid, multicellular, spore producing, adults organism

Question 49

What is a gametophyte?

Answer 49

Haploid phase of plant development where it developes into a sporophyte

Question 50

What is the dominant generation sporophyte or gametophyte?

Answer 50

Sporophyte