Midterm Exam Review

Question 1

What is contrast for example on a film, how would you best describe or define the term “contrast” ?
(When we take an x-ray and we look at the x-ray on the film how would we define contrast in relating to creation of radiographic imagery)

Answer 1

Being able to differentiate between the different shades of gray.

Question 2

In contrast air appears ___ and bone appears ____
And soft tissue appears ____

Answer 2

Black
White
Gray

Question 3

What do we call the initial beam of radiation that’s admitted from the tube and it is produced at the anode and it exists before it hits physical matter?

Answer 3

Primary beam/radiation

Question 4

Created from the tube at the anode and it exists before we hit physical matter; What is that called ?

Answer 4

Primary beam/radiation

Question 5

What is the initial creation of x-ray photons that start from the anode and move toward the patient (object of interest)

Answer 5

Primary beam/radiation

Question 6

What would be the primary reason I would use “filtration within the tube”?

Answer 6

It will reduce the patient dose

Question 7

Tungsten can quickly decipate heat, it has a high melting point, and an atomic # of 74.
True or false

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Tungsten atomic number is 78.
True of false

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Which photon tissue interaction creates a free electron and a scattered photon?

Answer 9

Compton

Question 10

Produces a photon with enough energy to free an electron from the atom but it does not produce enough energy to destroy the initial photon which than turns into scatter which is bad.

Answer 10

Compton scatter or Compton interaction

Question 11

Compton leaves the original photon in play
True or false

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What material do we primarily use as a filter in the tube?

Answer 12

Aluminum

Question 13

What material do we use in the tube as a filter ?

Answer 13

Aluminum

Question 14

What type of interaction occurs when a high speed electron slows down the nucleus of a tungsten atom?

Answer 14

Bremsstrahlung slows it down

Question 15

Bremsstrahlung is a German word which means…

Answer 15

Breaking radiation

Question 16

The difference of initial speed vs exit speed is what creates ____

Answer 16

Photon

Question 17

The difference of initial speed vs exit speed is what create that photon. The energy given to the photon. (This is describing what?)

Answer 17

Bremsstrahlung

Question 18

Bremsstrahlung has to hit a nucleus.
True or false

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Characteristics has to hit an electron for it to happen.

True or false

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is thermionic emission?

Answer 20

Boiling off electrons at the filaments.

Question 21

What is the manifest image?

Answer 21

The visible image

Question 22

The latent image is the image that is ____ but not visible.

Answer 22

Created

Question 23

Less than one percent of electrons interactions with the anode create what?

Answer 23

1% x-rays

Question 25

When electrons interact with the anode what do they create?

Answer 25

99% heat 1% x-rays

Question 26

If I were to increase filtration meaning getting rid of low energy photons what would happen to the contrast?

Answer 26

Decrease the contrast

Question 27

As you increase filtration your ____ contrast

Answer 27

Decreasing

Question 28

What does a dual focusing cup have two of ?

Answer 28

Two filaments a large and a small filament.

Question 29

The most important characteristics of diagnostic x-ray is that it must contain sufficient information. True or false

Answer 29

True

Question 30

If the image doesn’t have all the information that we need to diagnost a patient it is still useful to us. True or false

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Where does the electron concentration occur in the cathode ?

Answer 31

Focusing cup

Question 32

Where do we create that electron cloud ?

Answer 32

Focusing cup

Question 33

On the ____ side we have a focusing cup and in that focusing cup are the ___.

Answer 33

Cathode Filaments

Question 34

How do we boil the electrons ?

Answer 34

Thermionic emission

Question 35

We shoot stuff from the cathode side to the ____ which creates ____ to be shot at the patient.

Answer 35

Anode Photons

Question 36

In the focusing cup which photon tissue interaction presents a danger to the technologist ?

Answer 36

Scatter

Question 37

What is the interaction that creates scatter ?

Answer 37

Compton

Question 38

What photon tissue interaction creates scatter which?

Answer 38

Compton

Question 39

Where would photon tissue interaction happen ?

Answer 39

In the body

Question 40

Photon tissue interaction refers to something happening in the ___ , an example would be….

Answer 40

Body Characteristic, coherent, Compton

Question 41

Charecteristics and bremsstrahlung occur in the ___

Answer 41

Tube

Question 42

Mass has a directly proportional relationship to the number of photons produced. True or false

Answer 42

True

Question 43

As mass goes up we create ___ electrons

Answer 43

More

Question 44

Is mass quality or quantity ?

Answer 44

Quantity

Question 45

KvP is ___

Answer 45

Quality

Question 46

Mass is the number of ___

Answer 46

Electrons

Question 47

If I increase the number of electrons I’m going to shoot at the anode I will ____ the number of photons created.

Answer 47

Increase

Question 48

Mass and photons are….

Answer 48

Directly proportional

Question 49

If mass goes up the photons created will go ___

Answer 49

Up

Question 50

What is ionization?

Answer 50

It will remove an electron from an atom.

Question 51

The removal of electrons from an atom creates an atom that is ___

Answer 51

Destabilized

Question 52

Does a thicker body part create more attenuation.

Answer 52

Yes

Question 53

The thicker the body part the more ____ that will occur. With photon in the tissue ( more absorption will occur) this is an example of ___

Answer 53

Interaction Attenuation

Question 54

What tissue attenuates x-ray photons the most ?

Answer 54

Bone

Question 55

Bone is the most dense thing we have True or false

Answer 55

True

Question 56

What color is bone in an x-ray ?

Answer 56

White

Question 57

Bone shows up white in the x-rays because it has the most ___

Answer 57

Interactions

Question 58

What is the actual focal spot ?

Answer 58

Area in which x-rays are created in the anode.

Question 59

The part where the electrons are focused in on that have the interaction that creates the photons is called____

Answer 59

Actual focal spot

Question 60

What is the purpose of a compensating filter ?

Answer 60

It evenly distributes the photons over different density of a body part.

Question 61

What affects the quality of the x-ray beam ?

Answer 61

KvP

Question 62

KvP is ___ mAs is ___

Answer 62

Quality Quantity

Question 63

Refers to the total amount of radiation produced during an exposer.

Answer 63

—-mAs

Question 64

The energy put into the electron is called ___

Answer 64

—kVp

Question 65

The maximum voltage applied to the x- ray tube.

Answer 65

—kVp

Question 66

We put more energy into the electron with kVp to….

Answer 66

Create higher quality of imaging

Question 67

What does exit radiation create ?

Answer 67

Radiographic image

Question 68

Primary radiation interacts with the ___

Answer 68

Person

Question 69

What is differential absorption ?

Answer 69

The varying degrees of absorption between the different tissues.

Question 70

How can we define contrast on an x-ray image ? (Weird)

Answer 70

The difference between adjacent density’s

Question 71

How we differentiate shades of gray or how do we differentiate between different density’s of a body part.

Answer 71

Contrast

Question 72

Compton scatter contributes to the most to image fog. True or false

Answer 72

True

Question 73

What do we need in order to create an image creation (x-ray imaging) ?

Answer 73

Differential absorption

Question 74

Differential absorption describes the process of image formation. True or false

Answer 74

True

Question 75

The process of image formation

Answer 75

Differential absorption

Question 76

ALARA means…

Answer 76

As low as reasonably achievable

Question 77

Using the anode heel affect which side would you place the thicker body part, toward what side of the tube?

Answer 77

Cathode

Question 78

In anode heel affect the beam is less intense on the ___

Answer 78

Anode side

Question 79

What helps create difference of contrast in the film ?

Answer 79

Differential absorption

Question 80

Different tissues absorb things differently and those will show up as …

Answer 80

Greys Whites Blacks

Question 81

Attenuation really just means ___ or an interaction with a ____

Answer 81

Absorption Photon

Question 82

What is located on the cathode side of the tube? (2)

Answer 82

Filaments and focusing cup

Question 83

Focusing cup just focuses the ____

Answer 83

Electron cloud

Question 84

What are the two types of anode that exist in the tube ?

Answer 84

1. Stationary 2. Rotating

Question 85

What would be the benefit of having a rotating anode?

Answer 85

It’s better for heat dissipation

Question 86

What material do we use to line the x-ray tube ?

Answer 86

Lead

Question 87

Does lead have a high or low atomic number ?

Answer 87

High

Question 88

What charge is associated at the cathode side and what side is associated at the anode side ?

Answer 88

Cathode negative Anode positive

Question 89

What charge is cathode ?

Answer 89

Negative

Question 90

What charge is anode ?

Answer 90

Positive

Question 91

What is the atomic number of tungsten ?

Answer 91

74

Question 92

What interaction occur at the anode to create x-ray photons ?

Answer 92

Characteristics

Question 94

What do we call it when electrons strike the tungsten.

Answer 94

Characteristics

Question 95

Characteristics and bremsstrahlung occur in the ___

Answer 95

Tube

Question 96

Characteristic interaction create more x-ray photons than bremsstrahlung interactions True or false

Answer 96

False

Question 97

Charecteristic interaction need to ___ an electron in the k shell

Answer 97

Hit

Question 98

What is it more likely to see characteristics or bremsstrahlung

Answer 98

Bremsstrahlung

Question 99

In its most basic form what does inverse square law describe ? What does it describe the relationship of

Answer 99

Distance and intensity

Question 100

What does kVp control what factor of the beam does kVp control ?

Answer 100

Quality

Question 101

A hard beam is believed to be a higher energy beam or a lower energy beam ?

Answer 101

Higher energy

Question 102

Soft beam =

Answer 102

Lower energy

Question 103

Which shell is closest to the nucleus of an atom ?

Answer 103

K shell

Question 104

Which shell do photoelectric interactions occur ?

Answer 104

K shells

Question 105

The primary advantage of a rotating anode is that it allows …

Answer 105

Greater heat capacity at the anode