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GT Humanities 8th grade > Midterm History > Flashcards

Midterm History Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

What were the reasons for European Exploration

A

God, Gold, and Glory

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2
Q

What were the Crusades and how did they impact trade and exploration

A

The crusades impacted trade by increasing trade between Asia and Europe. People decided to try to find a water route to increase trade.

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3
Q

What is mercantilism

A

Trade in colonies is extremely controlled by the mother colony, to create more profit for mother colonies

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4
Q

What is the free enterprise system

A

People can buy and sell whatever they want to who they want, not controlled.

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5
Q

what are the three parts of the triangular trade?

A

Colonies exported raw goods to england for manufactured goods, and got slaves from africa on the way back

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6
Q

What was the passage that brought slaves to america called

A

The middle passage

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7
Q

Which colonies are the southern colonies

A

Georgia, Virginia, North carolina, south carolina, maryland.

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8
Q

What was the first permanent English settlement.

A

Jamestown - 1607

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9
Q

Why was Jamestown formed

A

For economic reasons, they made tobacco which was introduced by John Rolfe.

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10
Q

What was the significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses

A

It was the first form of representative government in the colonies

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11
Q

What was the economy, climate, and reason for settling in the southern colonies

A

Warm with long growing seasons for farming, they made money farming tobacco and they were formed for economic reasons

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12
Q

Who founded Georgia

A

James Oglethorpe as a military outpost for England and as a place debtors can go.

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13
Q

Who founded Maryland

A

George Calvert and Lord Baltimore so Catholics can escape persecution

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14
Q

What are the names of the New England Colonies

A

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire

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15
Q

Where did pilgrims settle

A

Plymouth, Massachusetts

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16
Q

When was the Mayflower Compact created and why

A

It was created in 1620 to create a self government for Pilgrims based on majority rule

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17
Q

Where did Puritans settle and who settled them

A

John Winthrop created the colony of Massachusetts bay and people were well educated to read the bible.

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18
Q

Economy in New England Colonies?

A

Fishing

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19
Q

Who founded Connecticut

A

Thomas Hooker

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20
Q

What was the fundumental orders of connectucuit

A

The first written document of the United States.

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21
Q

What ideals were implemented into the Fundamental orders of Connecticut

A

It limited government powers and expanded on representative government. It also gave voting rights to non-church members

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22
Q

What was Anne Hutchinson’s role in forming Rhode Island

A

After she was kicked out of Massachusetts bay colony for challenging Puritan beliefs, she formed Rhode island with her ideas.

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23
Q

Name the 4 middle colonies

A

New York, New jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware (NYPD, Breadbasket)

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24
Q

Why were the middle colonies formed

A

Economic reasons and Religious freedom

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25
Middle colonies economy
Mass producing crops like grain
26
Who founded New York
Duke of York
27
Who founded pennsylvania
William Penn
28
What did Pennsylvania's government look like
A representative government with more religious tolerance.
29
When was the magna carta written and what was its importance
The magna carta was written in 1215 and was the first written example of limiting powers of the government (Monarch)
30
What is the significance of the English bill of Rights
The American bill of rights was inspired by it.
31
how did the glorious revolution lead to the English bill of rights
Once the king was overthrown, the people wanted more rights so they created the English bill of rights.
32
What is the Bi-cameral BRITISH legislature
Parliament
33
Who was John Peter Zenger
A German journalist who spoke against the New York Governor and was tried in court. His case led to FREEDOM OF PRESS
34
Who was John Locke
He created the idea of unalienable rights such as life, liberty, and property. His ideas influenced colonists
35
What was the Enlightenment
A philosophical movement in the 17th century that embraced humanism
36
What was the First Great Awakening
A period when spirituality and religiousness was revived
37
What was the Albany plan of union
A plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin to unify the colonies. this plan was unsuccessful.
38
What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1763 (After French and Indian war)
France gave up all of it's territory in North America.
39
Main effect of the French and Indian war
Britain was in debt
40
What did the proclamation of 1763 do
It prevented colonists from settling in the new land gained for France, which made colonists angry
41
What is the MAIN cause of the American Revolution
Parliament was taxing colonists unfairly
42
What was the committees of correspondence and who founded it.
The discussed ways to protest the British and this was founded by SAMUEL ADAMS
43
What happened at the Boston massacre and who died
Colonists were harrassing British soldiers so the soldiers shot their guns and Crispus Attucks died alongside a few others. (first deaths)
44
Who were the sons of liberty
A group that boycotted and had violent protests against Britain. Founded by Samuel Adams
45
what act led to the Boston tea party and what was the result of the Boston tea party
The tea act led to the Boston Tea party and after the coercive act was passed.
46
Why was the first continental congress formed and what was the result
They formed it due to the Coercive acts and they decided to boycott British goods and prepare a militia.
47
Who was Samuel Adams
He was the primary author of the A.O.C. and formed the sons of liberty
48
Who was James Otis Jr.
He was an American Lawyer who supported the American Cause
49
Who was Wentworth Cheswell
He alerted patriots of the approaching British troops in new Hampshire (He was African American)
50
Who was Patrick Henry
Anti-federalist and he supported the American Revolution. Most known for saying "Give me liberty or give me death"
51
Who was John Hancock
He was the first to sign the D.O.I. and he led the 1st Continental Congress.
52
Why was Lexington and concord important
It was the first battle of the revolution. The first shots were known as the "Shots heard around the world"
53
What was the colonists final attempt at peace with Britain
The olive branch petition that was sent after the 2nd continental congress.
54
When was the declaration of independence signed
1776
55
Who was Lafayette
He was a French man who helped fund the American Revolution
56
Who was Bernardo de Galvez
He destroyed British Posts from Louisiana to Florida and gave military supplies to the colonies
57
Who was Haym Salomon
A jewish man who helped fund the American Revolution
58
Who was James Arminstead
He was a spy FOR the Americans and gave the British fake information. He gave Cornwallis false info and helped in the British's defeat
59
Who was Benedict Arnold
A U.S. general that was a TRAITOR and gave info to the British.
60
What battle was considered the turning point in the war
Saratoga due to France and Spain deciding to provide foreign support
61
What are the positives of the winter at Valley forge
the soldiers became more skilled
62
What were the negatives of valley forge
Many soldiers died or became sick
63
What is guerilla warfare and where was did it occur most commonly
It is a fighting style that occurred primarily in the south, and used sneak/surprise attacks to fight.
64
What was the last major battle of the American revolution and who surrendered
Yorktown was the last major battle and General Cornwallis surendered
65
What did the treaty of Paris of 1783 establish
it established America as an independent nation and gave colonists more land.
66
How did the A.O.C. structure the government
It gave a lot of power to the states and very little power to the federal government
67
What are the strengths of the A.O.C.
America was able to declare war, establish post offices, negotiate treaties, able to borrow money, and the states have a lot of power.
68
What are the weaknesses of the A.O.C.
9/13 states are needed to pass a law, all states votes are needed to make amendments, can't tax, no executive branch, and LITTLE NATIONAL POWER
69
What made a system for dividing western lands so that they can be sold to make money?
Land Ordinance of 1785
70
What set up a plan for territories could become states and what were the four parts.
The northwest ordinance of 1787 said that states needed a population of 60,000, to make a state constitution, have public education, and ban slavery
71
When was the constitution written and where
1787, in Philidelphia
72
What plan created a one house legislature and each state had one vote
The New Jersey plan by William Paterson
73
Which plan created a bicameral legislature with both houses based on population
Virginia Plan by James Madison
74
What was the Great compromise (aka the Connecticut plan) and who created it
It was a plan for a bi-cameral legislature with one house based on population, and one with equal representation. It was created by Roger Sherman
75
What is popular sovereignty
The people have power over the government
76
What is Republicanism
People elect who will govern
77
What is federalsim
A system of government that gives powers to the federal government and state government
78
Define Limited Government
The powers of the government are limited by the constitution
79
3rd Amendment
No quartering soldiers without consent
80
4th Amendment
No unwarranted search or seizure
81
7th Amendment
Right to a trial for CIVIL CASES
82
8th Amendment
No cruel or unusual punishments
83
9th Amendment
People have rights not stated in the Constitution
84
10th Amendment
Powers not given to the Federal Gov. are given to the people and states
85
How does Baron de Montesquieu influence the seven principles of Government
He introduced the idea of separate branches of government with separate government powers during the enlightenment.
86
What is the Amendment process
2/3 to propose it and 3/4 to pass it. (state or legislature)
87
Who are notable federalists
John jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison
88
Who are notable Anti-federalsits
George Mason and Patrick Henry

GT Humanities 8th grade (2 decks)

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