Midterm II Flashcards

Question

Pseudomonas cepacia

Answer 1

- Common in saline solutions - able to multiple in low nutrient environment - Respiratory pathogen of cystic fibrosis patients

Answer 2

- G- bacilli - Normal noropharyngeal flora in many adults and children - meningitis, pneumonia, joint infections - vaccine

Answer 3

- G- bacilli - wound infections, pneumonia, bacteremia - powdered infant formula

Answer 4

-G- rods -spiral bacilli -stomach ulcers -Dr. Robert Warren and Dr. Barry Marshall -Urease secreation to protect from low pH THERAPY -Proton pump inhibitors +antibiotics

Answer 5

``` -G- bacilli Whooping Cough 4 virulence factors 1) Perussis toxin (A-B) 2) Extra cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase 3) filamentous hemagglutinin 4) Tracheal cytotoxin (destroy ciliated cells) ``` -vaccination

Answer 6

- G- bacilli - Opportunistic - water, shower heads, air cooling - Exposure to aerosol and NO person

Answer 7

- cause tuberculosis and leprosy - Waxy NO GRAM STAIN - disinfectant resistance - Ziehl-Neelsen staining

Answer 8

STAINING OF MYCOBACTERIA 1) Ziehl-Neelesen carbol fuchsin to the slide for five minutes while applying heat 2) Gentle wash with water to cool the slide 3) Acid alcohol added to decolorize 4) Wash slide again with water and counterstain with methylene blue for 1- minutes

Answer 9

-Chronic, Slow, pulmonary infection -aerosol droplet transmission -Obligate aerobe, faculative intracellular parasite -4-6 weeks see colonies on plate(Lowestein-Jensen Medium) PRIMARY TB 1) aerosol Inhilation 2)Bacterial multiplication in alveoli 3)Macrophage ingestion of bacilli and formation of primary complex 4) Foci of infection in lungs, spread t kidneys, bones meninges possible) 5) CMI is fully active, infection is stopped 6) some bacilli survive, reactivation many years later POST PRIMARY - Late reactivation in lungs - chronic infection

Answer 10

``` Mantoux test -Tuberculin solution injection intradermally >10mm positive 5-9 mm Doubtful <4mm negative ```

Answer 11

- Seen in Immune compromised individuals - M. kansassi, M. avium, M intracellulare * These give a doubtful mantoux test M. marinum: skin infection M. fortuitum: soft tissue abscessess

Answer 12

TUBERCULOID LEPROSY -visible nerve enlargement, few erythmatous plaques, low bacteria but high lymphocytes and granulomas LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY - No nerve enlargement - many erythmatous nodules, high bacilli, high infectivity

Answer 13

-G- Spirochyte -Syphilis -unculturable in vivo Stages 1) Use dark field microscopy, maybe Ziehl-Neelsen -bacteria in fluid from lesions 2) 6 weeks after appearance of chancre - generalized mucosal rash - Lessions with many treponemes (Bact) 3) Latent - No symptims of infection - Non-transmittable 4) Late syphilis - Obliterative endarteritis - skin, mucosae, Nervous, Cardio VDRL - non-treponemal test - nonspecific use of cardiolipin - early stage Treponemal tests -FTA-ABS flourescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption

Answer 14

- G- spirochyte - Lyme Disease - skin, joints, nervous system, heart - Serology for diagnostics TREATMENT -Doxycycline, amoxicillin, PREVENTION - avoid ticks - vaccine available: ospA antigen or organism

Answer 15

-Obligate intracellular parasites; cocci -Can't make their own ATP -Can not be grown on artificial media 2 LIFE FORMS 1) elementary body, infectious form (300-400 nm) 2) Reticulate body, growth form (800-1000 nm) -most common STD in canada and US - asymptomatic untreated - urethritis/ cervicitis

Answer 16

- Chlamydia trachomatis - chronic occular infection - leading cause of blindness in Middle East, North Africa, South east Asia

Answer 17

- Chlamydia trachomatis | - endemic in tropical and subtropical countries

Answer 18

- Respiratory tract infection, mild pneumonia | - Usually subclinical

Answer 19

- Bird pathogen - Transmission to humans - Pneumonia or endocarditis

Answer 20

- Smallest free living bacteria (100-300 nm) - Saphrophytes, part of normal flora of the oropharynx and Genital tract of humans - No true cell wall

Answer 21

- Primary caus eof atypical pneumonia - Diagnosis is clinical, no lab confirmation TREATMENT -erthyromycin or tetracycline

Answer 22

1) superficial 2) Cutaneous 3) Subcutaneous 4) Systemic

Answer 23

- Fungal infection - Systemic - casues tumours in lungs, can spread to the brain (meninges) - defining oppertunistic infection of immunocompromised individuals

Answer 24

- Fungus - People with compromised immune systems are susceptible. - Secretes aflatoxin which is carcinogenic

Midterm II Flashcards

(48 cards)