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Midterm II Flashcards

1
Q

Define Ganglion

A

groups of perikaryon outside the CNS can be sensory or autonomous

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2
Q

Define nucleus

A

a group of nerve cells in the CSN

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3
Q

Define what type of neuron is the primary sensory neurons?

A

pseudounipolar neurons

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4
Q

what area is a dendrite?

A

postsynaptic

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5
Q

what area are the axons?

A

presynaptic

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6
Q

course of axons?

A

can course away from perikaryon to another place - tract neuron can course to the vicinity of the perikaryon - interneurons

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7
Q

synonyme for axons?

A

nerve fibers

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8
Q

content of Grey Matter?

A

perikaryon nerve fibers of interneurons Glial cells blood vessels

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9
Q

content of White Matter?

A

mainly nerve fibers (axons) Glial cells Bloodvessels

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10
Q

what do we divide the white matter into?

A

Funiculi Tracts Commissure

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11
Q

what type of nerve fibers do we have in the PNS?

A

A alpha (thick myelinated) A beta (thick myelinated) A gamma (myelinated) A delta (thin myelinated) B (thin myelinated) C (unmyelinated)

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12
Q

Define a nerve

A

bundle of nerve fibers outside CNS

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13
Q

Define tract

A

Bundle of nerve fibers inside CNS

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14
Q

Define monosynaptic reflex arch

A

simplest reflex arch with only a sensory and a motory neuron

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15
Q

what are the parts of the grey matter?

A

Dorsal horn

Ventral horn

intermediat zone

(lateral horn)

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16
Q

what are the parts f the white matter?

A

dorsal funiculi

ventral funiculi

lateral funiculi

ventral commissure

Lissauer tract

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17
Q

what are the Rexed lamina composing the dorsal horn?

A

Lamina I (marginal layer)

Lamina II (Substantia gelatinosa)

Lamina III and IV (nucleus proprius)

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18
Q

what are the Rexed lamina composing the intermediate zone?

A

Lamina V

Lamina VI

Lamina VII

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19
Q

What are the Rexed lamina composing the ventral horn?

A

Lamina VIII

Lamina IX

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20
Q

What are the Rexed lamina surrounding the central canal?

A

Lamina X

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21
Q

what are the three types of reflex arches we have?

A

strech reflex

withdrawl reflex

autonomous reflex

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22
Q

what are the synonyms for strech reflex arch?

A

Monosynaptic reflex arch

proprioceptiv reflex arch

myotactic reflex arch

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23
Q

what type of reflex do you see on the picture?

name the components

A

Strech reflex/proprioceptiv reflex arc

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24
Q

what is found in the intermediat zone?

A

Lamina VII and clarke’s column

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25
synonyms of the withdrawl reflex arch
nociceptiv reflex arch ipsilateral flexor and contralateral extensor reflex arch
26
what type of reflex arc do you see? name the components
noiciceptiv reflex arc
27
which type of reflex arc do you see? name the components
autonomous reflex arc
28
what is the main difference between somatic and autonomous system?
somatic has one neuron going from root to effector organ autonomous has two motor neurons from spinal cord to effector organ preganglionic and postganglionic
29
name the acending tracts
Gracilis Cuneat spinothalamic spinoreticular posterior spinocerebellar anterior spinocerebellar
30
Name the deceding tracts
Lateral corticospinal Ventral corticospinal Rubospinal Reticulospinal Tectospinal Vestibulospinal Descending autonomous pathway
31
name the components
32
which nucleus are not a part of the dorsomedial nuclear column.
Clarke's column
33
what type of nucleus is the superior salivatory nucleus?
visceromotor
34
Dorsal columb Lemniscal system path
1. Receptor 2. peripheral nerve branch 3. ganglion 4. central branch 5. cuneate + cracile nucleus (2. neuron) 6. internal arquate fibers 7. medullary decussation 8. medial lemniscal 9. Thalaus VPL 9. thalamocortical tract 10. primary sensory corteb B.A 3,1,2
35
Spinothalamic tract path
1. receptor 2. peripheral nerve 3. ganglion 4. central branch 5. lamina 1,5,7,8 posterior horn 6. spinal dicussation 7. ant. lat. spinothalamic tract as spinal lemniscul 8. thlamus VPL 9. thalamocortical tract 10. primary sensory cortec B.A 3.1.2
36
Spinal tectal pathway (S)
1. Receptor 2. peripheral branch 3. ganglion 4. central branch 5. spinal segment dicussation 6. spinotectal tract 7. superior colliculus
37
spinoreticular pathway (S)
1. receptor 2. peripheral branch 3. ganglion 4. central branch 5. lamina 1,5,7,8 6. spinoreticular tract 7. reticular formation
38
Anterior spinocerebellar tract (S)
1. receptors 2. peripheral branch 3. ganglion 4. central branch 5. lamina 1,6,7 6. decussation at spinal segment 7. anterior spinocerebellar tract 8. decussation when entering WM cerebellum 9. cerebral cortex as mossy fibers
39
Posterior spinocerebellar tract pathway (A)
1. receptors 2. peripheral branch 3. ganglion 4. central branch 5. clarcks colums 6. posterior spinocerebellar tract 7. cerebral cortex mossy fibers
40
spinoolivocerebellar tract
1. receptors T12-L5 2. peripheral branch 3. ganglion 4. central branch 5. nucleus proprius of posterior horn 7. decussation at spinal segment 8. spinoolivary tract 9. inferior olivery complex 10. olivocerebellar tract 11. decussation entering cerebellar WM 12. cerebellar cortex climbing fibers
41
purely somatomotor CN?
III. occulomotor IV. trochlear VI. abducent XII. hypoglossal
42
mixed CN?
V. trigeminal VII. facial IX. glossopharyngeal X. vagus XI. accessory
43
purely somatosensory CN?
VIII. vestibulochoclear
44
Nuclei of the Dorsomedial nuclear colomn?
III. occulomotor IV. trochlear VI. abducent XII. hypoglossal
45
nucli of the ventrolateral nuclear column? innervate?
V. trigeminal VII. facial IX. glossopharyngeal X. vagus XI. accessory striated muscles from somites eye and tounge
46
spescial viseromotor niclei also calles brachiomotor innervate?
V. trigeminal VII. facial IX. glossopharyngeal X. vagus XI. accessory 1. mastication 2. facial expression 3. pharynx larynx 4. wall of viscera: - mouth - nose - larynx - pharynx
47
General viceromotor nuclei? tyepe og innervation?
III. occulomotor VII. facial IX. glossopharyngeal X. vagus parasynpatheric/secretomotor innervate the viscera: smooth muscle or gland
48
what are the classifications of the sensory nuclei?
GVS SVS GSS SSS
49
what are the classifications of the motor nuclei?
GVM SVM (BM) SM
50
occulomotor nuclei? what is spescial about it?
accessory nucleus - parasympathetic occulomotry nucleus - somatosensory accessory nuclei gives presynaptic parasynpathetic fibers to ciliary ganglion
51
what is supplied by the occulomtor nerve?
superior branch: 1. superior rectus muscle 2. levator palpebrae inferior branch: 1. medial rectus muscle 2. inferior rectus muscle 3. inferior oblique muscle
52
what is innervated by the superior trochlear nerve?
superior oblique muscle
53
nuclei of trigeminal nerve and their function ?
1. Mesencephalic (proprioception) 2. primary sensory/pontine (epicritic sensation) 3. spinal trigeminal (protopathic) 4. motor nucleus (1st brachial arch muscles, lies meidal to primary sensory nucleus)
54
what are the parts of the trigeminal spinal nucleus?
it can be divided into 3 parts 1. oralis 2. interpolaris 3. caudalis
55
divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
1. Opthalmic (S) - lacrimal n. - frontal n. nasociliary n. 2. Maxillary (S) - pterigopalatine - zygomatic - infraorbital nerve 3. Mandibular nerve (S/M) - main trunk - anterior division - posterior division
56
nuclei of the facial nerve?
1. facial nucleus (SVM) 2. superior salivary nucleus (parasynpathetic GVM) 3. solitary tract nucleus (SVS taste) 4. spinal trigeminal nucleus (protopathic)
57
difference between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers?
parasympathetic: decrease heart rate sympathetic: increase heart rate
58
Spino-cuneocerebellar tract
1. spinal ganglion 2. cuneate fasiculus 3. accesory cuneat nucleus 4. cuneocerebellar tract 5. inferior cerebellar peduncle 6. cerebellar cortx as Mossy fibers
59
what is somatotopic arrangment?
the motorcortex is accosiated with spesific regions of the nervous system and body area
60
which cortical field is agranular?
precentral gyrus
61
what it the sensation of the anterior spinothalamic tract? what it the sensation of the lateral spinothalamic tract?
Anterior: Crude touch Lateral: pain and tempratur
62
receptors ant. spinothalamic tract?
hair follicles skin receptors (pressure touch)
63
receptors of lat. spinothalamic tract?
free nerve endings
64
sensation to the medial lemniscal system?
Fine/Discriminativ touch Conscious proprioceprtion
65
Receptors of the medial lemniscal system?
pascini corpuscles muscle and tendon receptors
66
what type of nervefibers conduct pain and tempratur from the trunk and limbs?
A (gamma) C
67
where is the decussation of the 2 corticospinal fibers?
Lateral has the pyramidal dicussation! (90%) Anterior decussate at spinal cord segment! (10%)
68
does the corticonuclear fibrs decussate?
Yes, they go to the collateral nucleus
69
what are the extrapyramidal tracts?
olivospinal rubrospinal tectospinal reticulospinal vestibulospinal

NEUROANATOMY (10 decks)

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