Midterm II - Archaeoentomology [COMPLETE] Flashcards by Benedicte Mæhlum

Ischnocera: Goniodes dissimilis

Identifying features:

Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
2 x claws on the legs = Bird louse
Long, filamentous antennae = Ischnocera

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Amblycera: Menopon gallinae

Identifying features:

Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
2 x claws on the legs = Bird louse
Short antennae = Amblycera

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Ischnocera: Columbicola columbae

Identifying features:

Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
2 x claws on the legs = Bird louse (pigeon)
Long antennae = Ischnocera
Long body = Columbicola columbae, hide in feathers

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Ischnocera: Felicola subrostratus*

Identifying features:

Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
1 x claws on the legs = Mammal louse
Long antennae = Ischnocera
“House-shaped” head = Felicola subrostratus

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Nit of Felicola subrostratus

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Ischnocera: Trichodectes canis

Identifying features:

Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
1 x claw on the legs = Mammal louse
Long antennae = Ischnocera

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Nit of Trichodectes

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Ischnocera: Bovicola spp. (bovis?)

Identifying features:

Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
1 x claw on the legs = Mammal louse
Long antennae = Ischnocera

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Ischnocera: Werneckiella/Damalinia

Identifying features:

Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
1 x claw on the legs = Mammal louse
Long antennae = Ischnocera

This genus frequently has legs missing due to their fragility.

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Ischnocera: Haematopinus spp. (Suis?)

Identifying features:

Head smaller than thorax = Blood-sucking louse (Anoplura)
Long antennae = Ischnocera
Similarly-sized legs = Haematopinus spp.

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Linognathus spp.

Identifying features:

Head smaller than thorax = Blood-sucking louse (Anoplura)
Longitudinal nose & slim 1st pair of legs = Linognathus spp.

(L. vituli, stenopsis, pedalis, ovillus et setosus)

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1st nymph of Haematopinus spp.

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Siphonaptera (fleas): Ctenocephalides canis

Identifying features:

Rounded & short head; First genal comb is short = C. canis

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Siphonaptera (fleas): Ctenocephalides felis

Identifying features:

Longer head; all genal combs are the same length = C. felis

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Flea larva (with digested blood inside)

Identifying features:

Hairs on the body

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Fleas: Life cycle

Holometamorphosis in the environment

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Lice: Life cycle

Ø Pupa stage

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Cimex (Bed bug): Life cycle

Epimorphosis in the environment

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Mosquitos: Life cycle

Holometamorphosis

Larvae develop in stagnant water
Egg → Adult with 4 instars

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Horsefly: Life cycle

Holometamorphosis

Carnivorous larvae develop in wet, shady places
Egg → Adult with 7-11 larval instars

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Cimex lectularius (Bedbug)

Identifying features:

4-part antennae = Cimex lectularius

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Nematoceran: Psychoidae spp. (Sandflies); ØParasite

Identifying features:

Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
Hairy wings = Psychoidae spp.
Short proboscis = ØParasitic

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Nematoceran (general)

Identifying features:

Antennae: > 3 segments

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Nematoceran (general)

Identifying features:

Antennae: > 3 segments

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Nematoceran: Psychodidae (Sandfly) family; ØParasite **Identifying features:** * Antennae: \> 3 segments = Nematoceran * Hairy wings = *Psychoidae spp.* * Short proboscis = ØParasitic

Nematoceran: Psychodidae (Sandfly) family; Parasitic **Identifying features:** * Antennae: \> 3 segments = Nematoceran * Hairy wings = *Psychoidae spp.* * Long proboscis = Parasitic

Nematoceran: Ceratopogonidae (Biting midge) family **Identifying features:** * Antennae: \> 3 segments = Nematoceran * Curved wing edge with few veins = Ceratopogonidae

Nematoceran: Ceratopogonidae (Biting midge) family **Identifying features:** * Antennae: \> 3 segments = Nematoceran * Dark dots on the wings = Ceratopogonidae

Nematoceran: Ceratopogonidae (Biting midge) family **Identifying features:** * Antennae: \> 3 segments = Nematoceran * Dark dots on the wings = Ceratopogonidae * Feathered antennae = Male?

Nematoceran: Ceratopogonidae (Biting midge) family **Identifying features:** * Antennae: \> 3 segments = Nematoceran * Feathered antennae = Male?

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Female **Identifying features:** * Antennae: \> 3 segments = Nematoceran * Long proboscis = Culicidae * Light feathering on antennae = Female

Ceratopogonidae (Biting midge) family: Life cycle

Holometamorphosis; Larval development in _stagnant water_

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Male **Identifying features:** * Antennae: \> 3 segments = Nematoceran * Heavy feathering on antennae = Male

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Larva *Anterior end of body*

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Larva *Posterior end of body* * Anal gills * Air tube

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Larva ## Footnote *Head*

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Larva *Posterior end of body* * Air tubes * Anal gills

Brachyceran: Tabanidae (Horsefly/Deerfly) family **Identifying features:** * Antennae: ≤ 3 segments = Brachyceran

Hippoboscidae (Forest/Louse flies): *Melophagus ovinus* **Identifying features:** * No wings

Cephalopharyngeal skeleton of larva Calliphoridae family

2 x Spiracles of *Musca* species

Spiracles of a Blowfly species **Identifying features:** * 3 slits = 3 instars

2 x Spiracles of a 1st instar *Hypoderma* spp. larva

2 x Spiracles of a 2nd instar *Hypoderma* spp. larva

Gasterophilus egg (with larva)

Empty Gasterophilus egg shell (Ø Larva)

Head of Gasterophilus larva

Head of a Gasterophilus larva

2 x Spiracles of a 2nd instar Gasterophilus larva

2 x Spiracles of a 3rd instar Gasterophilus larva

*Sarcoptes scabiei* **Identifying features:** * Peaks & spines on the dorsum * Ambulacra on the ends of legs * Unsegmented legs

*Sarcoptes scabiei* (After boiling in alkaline) ## Footnote *Species aren't identified by morphology but by where they were retrieved from*

*Notoedres cati* **Identifying features:** * Concentric circles on dorsum * "Fingerprint" texture

*Knemidokoptes gallinae* (Burrowing mite of birds) **Identifying features:** * A totally round body; only legs protrude

*Psoroptes ovis/cuniculi* (Ø Burrowing; Mammals) **Identifying features:** * 3-segmented pedicle * Longer legs with ambulacera

*Psoroptes ovis/cuniculi* (Boiled in alkaline) **Identifying features:** * Longer legs with ambulacera

*Chorioptes bovis* **Identifying features:** * Ambulacrum

*Otodectes cynotis* **Identifying features:** * Ambulacra **CAN'T BE DISTINGUISHED FROM CHORIOPTES**

*Ptiloxenoides* spp. (Ø Burrowing; Birds; Feathers) **Identifying features:** * Long body shape

*Alphitobius diaperinus* Lesser mealworm

*Musca domestica* adult

*Musca domestica* pupa

Tabanidae family

*Fannia cannicularis* pupae

*Gasterophilus intestinalis* pupae

*Hypoderma diana*

*Hypoderma* larvae - 2nd instar

*Lucilia sericata* adults

*Lucilia sericata* pupae

*Wohlfartia*

*Argas persicus*

*Dermacentor* spp.

Method of detecting: Burrowing mites

Deep skin scrapings 1. Dip blade into oil 2. Make skin fold 3. Scrape skin surface until blood seeps

Method of detecting: Non-burrowing mites

Superficially scrape detritus from the lesion edge

Method of detecting: Mites in fur

Use scotch tape/comb on a dark surface ## Footnote *The mites will move around*

*Demodex* sp. in the hair

*Demodex* sp. from a skin scraping

*Demodex* sp. from a scraping **Identifying features:** * Striated hind body * 8 legs = Adult

*Demodex* sp. egg **Identifying features:** * Sharp, pointed shape (similar to blood fluke)

*Demodex* sp. in a hair follicle

*Demodex.* in a cattle - Nodule ## Footnote *Usually isn't detected until slaughter*

*Demodex* sp. in cattle - Nodule

*Cheyletiella* sp. **Identifying features:** * Thickened palps with claws

*Cheyletiella* sp. **Identifying features:** * Comb on the end of the leg

*Cheyletiella* sp. egg on a hair

Chigger mite (Trombiculidae) **Identifying features:** * Bright orange-red colour * Hairs on the body * Short palps * Tiny claws on the tarsus

Chigger mite (Trombiculidae) **Identifying features:** * Bright orange-red colour * Hairs on the body * Short palps

Red mite of poultry (*Dermanyssus* sp.) * Egg = female

Chigger mite (Trombiculidae) **Identifying features:** * Bright orange-red colour * Hairs on the body * Short palps

Soft tick larva of bird (*Argas* sp.) **Identifying features:** * Long palps * Yellow/brown colour * Long claws on legs * Hairy body surface

Hard tick (*Ixodidae* family) - Eggs **Identifying features:** * They look like coffee beans

Hard tick (*Ixodidae* family) - Larva **Identifying features:** * The larva has 6 legs

Hard tick (*Ixodidae* family) - Adult **Identifying features:** * Shorter palp

Hard tick (*Ixodidae* family) - Nymph **Identifying features:** * Nymph has 8 legs

Hard tick (*Ixodidae* family) - Adult [Cross section] ## Footnote *Engorged with blood*

Ischnocera: *Columbicola* sp. **Identifying features:** * Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse * 2 x claws on the legs = Bird louse * Long antennae = Ischnocera * Long body = *Columbicola*

*Pulex* sp. **Identifying features:** * Ø Comb on the head = *Pulex* sp.

Flea larva **Identifying features:** * Presence of hairs = Flea * Ø Legs & eyes = Flea

Flea allergy on dogs ## Footnote *Wet & warm patches on the skin*

Alopecia in a cat *w/ miliary dermatitis* Caused by a flea infestation - likely causing pruritis

*Cimex lectularius* (Bedbug) **Identifying features:** * 4-part antennae = *Cimex lectularius*

Nematocera: Blackfly (*Simulidae* sp.) family **Identifying features:** * \> 3 segmented antennae = Nematocera

Nematocera: Blackfly (*Simulidae* sp.) family - Cocoon **Identifying features:** * Slipper-shaped cocoon

Nematoceran: Psychodidae (Sandfly) family **Identifying features:** * Antennae: \> 3 segments = Nematoceran * Hairy wings = *Psychoidae spp.* * Long proboscis = Parasitic

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Female **Identifying features:** * Antennae: \> 3 segments = Nematoceran * Long proboscis = Culicidae * Light feathering on antennae = Female

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Larvae **Identifying features:** * Respiratory siphon to the water surface * Not all mosquito genera are submerged*

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Pupa **Identifying features:** * Pupa are suspended in water from their air trumpets

Tabanids (Horseflies) **Identifying features:** * **Left:** Mottled wings = *Haematopota* sp. * **Right:** Clear wings = *Tabanus* sp.

Flesh fly (Sarcophagidae) family; Larvae ## Footnote *Facultative myiasis in the tissue*

Warble fly (Hypodermatinae) subfamily; moulting larvae Either: * H. lineatum * H. bovis

Warble fly (Hypodermatinae) subfamily; Larvae ## Footnote *The become darker as they mature*

Botfly (Gasterophilinae) subfamily; Eggs & Adult **Identifying features:** * Honeybee-like body

Botfly (Gasterophilinae) subfamily; Larva **Identifying features:** * Cephalic hooks * Spines on the body

Botfly (Gasterophilinae) subfamily; Larvae

*Sarcoptes scabiei* **Identifying features:** * Peaks & spines on the dorsum * Ambulacra on the ends of legs * Unsegmented legs

*Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis*

*Demodex* sp.; Adult **Identifying features:** * 8 legs = Adult form * Striated hind body * Elongated body with short legs

Demodicosis of cattle; nodule on the skin

*Demodex* sp.; Mites ## Footnote *Located in the nodules in tissue*

Demodicosis of dog; Red mange

*Argus* spp. **Identifying features:** * Yellow/brown/grey colour * Capitulum on the ventral side

Larva of a soft tick **Identifying features:** * Long palps * Long claws on legs * Hairy body surface

Capitulum of an Ixodid family tick

*Ixodes* sp.

*Dermacentor reticularis*

*Wohlfahrtia magnifica* Fleshflies

*Musca domestica* Adult

*Argas persicus* Soft ticks of birds

*Haematobia irritans* (Muscoid) Horn fly

*Alphitobius diaperinus - darkling beetle* Adult (holometa)

*Alphitobius diaperinus* Larvae

*Stomoxys calcitrans* Stable flies

*Musca domestica* Pupae

*Hippoboscidae longipennis* Forest/louse fly

Flea dirt

*Felicola subrostratus* Cat-biting louse

*Melophagus ovinus* Sheep ked

*Cimex lectularius* Bed bug

Flea faeces & Eggs

Mosquito larvae

*Knemidocoptes gallinae*

*Psoroptes cuniculi* Infection inside the ear of rabbit

*Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis* Infection on ears of swine

*Simulium* sp. Black fly

*Wohlfahrtia magnifica* Larvae

*Wohlfahrtia magnifica* Adult

*Lucilia sericata* Common green bottle fly

*Stomoxys calcitrans* Stable flies

*Dermacentor reticularis* Adult tick

*Musca domestica* Adult

*Musca autumnalis*

*Ixodes ricinus* Castor bean tick

*Tabanus tergestinus* Horse fly

*Gasterophilus* sp. Larvae

*Musca domestica*

*Hypoderma sp.* Warble fly larvae

*Oestrus* sp. Larva

*Argas persicus* Soft tick of birds

*Dermacentor reticularis* Tick adult

*Hypoderma diana* Warble fly larvae

*Knemidocoptes* sp.

*Gasterophilus intestinalis* Larvae

*Werneckiella equi*

*Linognathus setosus*

*Pulex irritans* Adult

*Idoxes ricinus* Larva

Midterm II - Archaeoentomology [COMPLETE] Flashcards

(190 cards)