Midterm-LaiLai Flashcards by Alice Lu | Brainscape

Q

關於犬貓生殖系統構造，下列敘述何者錯誤？
A 公貓尿道開口向前
B 狗有精囊，貓沒有
C 公狗沒有尿道球腺
D 公貓前列腺沒有像公狗一樣膨大
E 公貓有陰莖骨包圍尿道

A

ABE

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Q

2-1. 關於巨觀睪丸結構，下列敘述何者錯誤？
A 每顆睪丸有自己的附睪和精索
B 附睪頭端經由睪丸固有韌帶連接睪丸
C 附睪尾端韌帶將睪丸和附睪附著到睪丸鞘膜和精索內筋膜
D 睪丸被層層包覆，其中最內層是臟層睪丸鞘膜
E 最外層是陰囊皮

A

BD

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Q

曲細精管上皮是由什麼細胞組成的？

A

Sertoli cells

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Q

Sertoli cells 是由哪個激素啟動？

A

FSH

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Q

Internal inguinal ring 的內側為——外側為——後側為——

A

Rectus abdominis 腹直肌
Internal abdominal oblique 腹內斜肌
Inguinal ligament

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Q

External inguinal ring 為——的裂隙所形成

A

External abdominal oblique 腹外斜肌

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Q

覆蓋 testis 與spermatic cord 的 cremaster muscle 源自腹壁的——和——兩層

A

Internal abdominal oblique

Transversus abdominis

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Q

Sertoli cell to Sertoli cell 連接複合體是——的位置

A

血睪屏障（blood-testis barrier）

為精原細胞提供營養
防止細胞毒性物質進入細精管

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Q

Leydig 細胞內有——小滴，還有——（色素），和——（晶體）

A

脂肪
Lipofuscin pigment (脂褐素)
Reinke crystals

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Q

Leydig 細胞因為有很多——所以嗜酸；會分泌——

A

sER 平滑內質網

Testosterone

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Q

Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)

A

Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release gonadotropins—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone—> Estrogen and progesterone: negative feedback->inhibits the release of gonadotropins

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Q

Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)

A

Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release gonadotropins—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone—> Estrogen and progesterone: negative feedback->inhibits the release of gonadotropins

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Q

Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)

A

Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release gonadotropins—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone—> Estrogen and progesterone: negative feedback->inhibits the release of gonadotropins

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Q

Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)

A

Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release gonadotropins—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone—> Estrogen and progesterone: negative feedback->inhibits the release of gonadotropins

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Q

Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)

A

Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone

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Q

Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)

A

Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone

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Q

Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)

A

Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary, note: both starts with “F”), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone

Q

Breeding Problems

A

1. Failure of mate 配種失敗 (現在有分⼦⽣物學幫助鑑定公⺟)
Sexing birds
Stress
2. Inability to produce a normal fertile egg
Nesting sites
Candling
3. Failure of the fertile egg to hatch
Temperature, humidity, infection of egg

Q

Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (pathologic: ovarian agenesis)

A

Basal estrogen and progesterone.

High GnRH, FHS, and LH.

Q

Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (anestrus bitch)

A

No corpus luteum

Exogenous GnRH: FSH, LH, and estrogen inc.
Exogenous hCG: (dog—> LH) GnRH, FSH stay the same, estrogen inc.

Q

Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (neutered)

A

No ovary (no follicle or corpus luteum)

Exogenous GnRH: FSH and LH inc. estrogen remains basal.
Exogenous hCG: nothing changes.

Q

Male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)

A

Hypothalamus GnRH—> anterior pituitary gland—>FSH: Sertoli cells (at testis), LH: Leydig cells(both start with “L”)—> Leydig cells: testosterone

Q

Male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (hypothalamic dysfunction)

A

No GnRH produced, so everything remains basal (GnRH, LH, FSH, testosterone)

Q

Male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (pituitary gland dysfunction)

A

Low FSH and LH—> low testosterone—> demand: High GnRH

Q

Male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (Leydig cell dysfunction)

A

No testosterone—> demand: LH inc.—> demand: GnRH inc.

Q

Ligaments of the female reproductive system

A

Broad ligament:Mesovarium, mesometrium, mesosalpinx.
Ovarian ligament
Round ligament

Q

Cats: seasonally polyestrus, repeat which stages of the estrus cycle?

A

Proestrus—> estrus

Q

Dogs: monoestrus, order of stages of the estrus cycle=?

A

Proestrus—> estrus—> metestrus—>diestrus

Anestrus is NOT a stage in the estrus cycle; prolonged period of sexual rest

Q

LH surge 發生在哪期？

24-48小時後會？

A

Estrus

Ovulation

Q

Endometrial gland 在哪期開始生長？

在哪期最厚？

A

Proestrus

Metestrus

Q

Follicel 增大發生在哪期？

此時分泌什麼 hormone?

A

Proestrus

Estrogen

Q

Corpus luteum 成熟在哪期？

此時分泌什麼hormone?

A

Diestrus

Progesterone

Q

懷孕期 hormone 變化 (上升/下降)：
Progesterone?
GH?
Insulin receptor?
Blood glucose?

A

上升
上升
下降
上升

Q

懷孕期母犬，calcium 流失主要原因？

A

供應乳汁
懷孕期間胎兒生長
副甲狀腺休眠

Q

Stages of parturition

Visible abdominal straining occurs
Furguson reflex
Allantois 破裂
Placenta 排出

A

Stage 2
Stage 2
Stage 2
Stage 3

Q

Dystonia 使用藥物

A

Calcium gluconate

Oxytocin

Q

Agalactia 使用藥物

禁忌藥物？

A

Acepromazine

Dopamine

Q

Inappropriate maternal behavior 使用藥物

禁忌藥物

A

Acepromazine, calcium gluconate, oxytocin

Prednisolone

Q

Metritis 使用藥物

A

Antibiotics

Q

Puerperal eclampsia 使用藥物

禁忌藥物

A

Calcium gluconate

Prednisolone

Q

Cesarean section 切口位置？

A

Dorsal aspect of the uterine body