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Midterm (Mitosis & Histology) Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Interphase

A

cell undergo GROWTH & DUPLICATION of DNA to prep for CELL DIVISION
- not part of MITOSIS
- G1, G2, M check pt

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2
Q

Mitosis

A

NUCLEAR Divison
- func; PRODUCE 2 Daughter cells, each w/same NUMBER ^ Chromos as PARENT Cell
- consist; PROPHASE, METEAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE

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3
Q

Prophase

A
  • CHROMATIN CONDENSE, form VISIBLE CHROMOS
  • NUCLEAR Envelope DISTENGRATES
  • SPINDLE Apparatus FORM
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4
Q

Metaphase

A
  • CENTROSOMES at OPP Ends
  • CHROMOS LINE up on METAPHASE Plate
  • KINETOCHRORES & MICROTUBULES attach at CENTROMERE
  • structs; CHROMOS, SPINDLE Fibes, ASTRAL rays
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5
Q

Anaphase

A
  • SISTER CHROMATIDS pulled APART by SPINDLE Fibers
  • Cell ELONGATES
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6
Q

Telophase

A
  • NUCLEAR Envelope REFORMS
  • CHROMOS UNWIND to CHROMATIN
  • NUCLEOLUS REAPPEARS
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7
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Div. CYTOPLASM thru a CLEAVAGE Furrow/ CELL Plate

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8
Q

Chromosomes

A

2 CHROMATIDS centered by CENTROMERE

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9
Q

Chromatids

A

PART of CHROMO

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10
Q

Metaphase plate

A

area, CHROMOS ALIGN between POLES

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11
Q

Daughter chromosome

A

each CHROMATID sep. at CENTROMERE
- locate; ANAPHASE

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12
Q

Cleavage furrow

A

area, Div. CYTOPLASM & ends as cell SPLIT into 2 DAUGHTER Cells

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13
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A
  • consist; Layers closely spaced cells,
  • func; cover Organ surfaces, form GLANDS, PROTECTION, SECRETION, ABSPORPTION
  • POLARITY - APICAL, BASAL
  • Avascular & Innervated - have NO Blood vessels, supplied by NERVE Fibers
  • REGENERATIVE - via CELL Division
  • SQUAMOUS, CUBODIAL, COLUMNAR, PSEUDOSTARATIFIED, TRANSITIONAL
  • locate; EPIDERMIS, Lining of DIGESTIVE Tract, LIVER, GLANDS
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14
Q

Simple Epithela

A

1 layer of TIGHTLY packed Cells

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15
Q

Simple Squamous

A

1 layer of FLAT Cells w/ Oval NUClEI & little CYTOPLASM
- func; DIFFUSION, FILTRATION, FRICTION REDUCING thru Membranes, SECRETE Serous
- locate; KIDNEY, GLOMEROUS, Lining of HEART, BLOOD vessels, LYMPHATIC vessels, SEROASE, AIR SACS in LUNGS, INTESTINES
- structs; Nuclei, Basement membrane

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16
Q

Simple Cubodial

A

1 layer of CUBE Cells w/ CIRCLE Central NUClEI
- func; SECRETION, ABSORPTION, Produce Mucous
- locate; KIDNEY Tubules, LIVER, THYROID, DUCTS, SECRETORY parts of SMALL Glands, OVARY Surface
- structs; LUMEN, Basement membrane

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17
Q

Simple Columnar

A

1 layer of TALL Cells w/ Oval NUClEI & have CILIA
- func; SECRETETION, ABSORPTION
- locate; DIGESTIVE Tract, GALLBLADDER (NONCILIATED), Small BRONCHI, UTERINE Tubes, parts of UTERUS (CILIATED)
- structs; Goblet cell, Microvilli, Basement membrane, Nuclei

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18
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar

A

NUCLEI at dif. Layers (sugest multi. Layers of Cells, all Cells in CONTACT w/ BASAL Membrane
- func; SECRETION, PROPULSION of Mucus
- locate; Male SPERM-carrying DUCTS (NONCILIATED), TRACHEA (CILIATED)
- structs; Goblet cell, Basal cell, Cilia, Basement membrane

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19
Q

Stratified Epithelia

A

MULTIPLE layers of TIGHTLY packed Cells

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20
Q

Stratified Squamous

A

THICH Membrane consists of sev. LAYERS
- func; PROTECTION from ABRASION
- locate; form OUTER EPIDERMIS of Skin, Lining of ESOPHAGUS, MOUTH, VAGINA
- structs; AREOLAR Tissue, DENSE IRREG. Tissue

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21
Q

Stratified Cubodial

A

2 CELL Layers THICK
- func; PROTECTION
- locate; SWEAT, MAMMARY, SALIVARY Glands

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22
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

Limited DISTRIBUTION in Body
- func; PROTECTIOn, SECRETION
- locate; PHARYNX, Male URETHRA, Lining GRANDULAR Ducts

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23
Q

Transitional

A

sev. LAYERS of Cells (BASAL & APICAL cells)
- BASAL cell = CUBODIAL, APICAL cell = DOME-shaped
- func; STRETCHING
- locate; Lining of URNIARY Bladder, URETERS, part of URETHRA

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24
Q

Basement membrane

A

NONCELLULAR Adhesive Layer
- func; CONNECTS EPIDERMIS to underlying DERMIS

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25
Goblet cell
INTENSTIAL Mucosal EPITHELIAL cell, which serves as the primary site for nutrient digestion and mucosal absorption - func; PRIMARY Site for NUTRIENT Digestion & MUCOSAL Absorption
26
Muscular Tissue
- consist; ELONGATED Excitable Muscle cells specialized for CONTRACTION - locate; SKELETAL Muscles, HEART (CARDIAC), WALLS of VISCERA (SMOOTH)
27
Skeletal Muscle
LONG Cylinder Cells w/many NUCLEI & Obvious STRIATIONS - func; VOLUNTARY Contractions - locate; SKELETAL Muscles ATTACH to BONES or SKIN - consist; FIBERS, STRIATIONS, MULTINUCLEATE/SYNCYTICAL - VOLUNTARY - structs; NUCELI, STRIATIONS, MUSCLE Fiber
28
Voluntary
CONSCIOUS Control
29
Fibers
SKELETAL Muscle cells
30
Striations
STRIPES in FIBER
31
Multinucleate/ Syncytical
Individual MUSCLE Cells w/many NUCLEI (Nuceli ELONGATED & in EDGE of Cell)
32
Cardiac Muscle
BRANCHED Cell w/1 NUCLEUS, INTERCALATED Discs, LESS OBVIOUS STRIATIONS - func; RHYTHMIC Contraction of HEART - locate; WALLS of HEART - consist; CARDIOCYTES, INTERCALATED Discs - INVOLUNTARY - structs; GLYCOGEN, STRIATIONS, INTERCALATED Discs
33
Cardiocytes
CARDIAC Muscle Cells
34
Involuntary
UNCONSCIOUS Control
35
Intercalated Discs
Activate TRANSMISSION of ELECTRICAL Impulses in HEART - func; JOIN together CARDIOCYTES
36
Smooth Muscle
Sheets of SMALL Slender cells w/CENTRAL Nucleus, NO Striations - func; PROPEL substances along INTERNAL passageways - locate; DIGESTIVE Tract, Blood vessels, UTERUS - INVOLUNTARY - structs; NUCLE, Muscle cells
37
Nonstriated
Fibers DON'T have STRIPES
38
Involuntary
UNCONSCIOUS Control
39
Nervous Tissue
- consist; have SPECIALIZED Cells for fats TRANSMISSION of coded INFO to other Cells - locate; BRAIN, SPINAL Cord, NERVES - structs; AXON, DENDRITES, NEUORSOMA, NUCELI
40
Neuron
RECEIVE Impulses AWAY from CELL Body - consist; NEUROSOMA, AXON, GILAL Cells
41
Dendrites
Short BRANCHED Threadlike EXTENSIONS - func; conduct Impulses TOWARD Cell Body
42
Neurosoma
NERVE Cell Body
43
Axon
CARRY Nerve Impulses AWAY from CELL Body
44
Gilal cells/Neuroglia
CELLS of NERVOUS System - func; GUIDE developing NEURONS to SYNAPSES, REMOVE Neurotransmitters from SYNAPSE
45
Connective Tissue
- consist; Lots of MATRIX that's SPECIALIZED to SUPPORT & PROTECT Organs, BIND Tissues/Organs to each other - locate; TENDONS/LIGAMENTS, CARTILAGE/BONE, BLOOD
46
Dense C.T.
FIBES fill in SPACE between CELLS - consist; Dense Reg., Dense Irreg.
47
Dense Regular C.T
PARALLEL COLLAGEN Fibers w/few ELASTIC Fibers - func; BIND Muscle & Bone - locate; TENDON, LiGAMENT - structs; COLLAGEN Fiber, GOUND Substance, FIBROBLAST Nuclei
48
Dense Irregular C.T.
IRREGULARLY Arranged COLLAGEN Fibers - func; STRUCTURAL Strength, RESIST STRESS, STRAIN against TEAR - locate; DERMIS, White of EYE, FIBROUS organ CAPSULES - structs; GLAND Ducts, FIBROBLAST Nuclei, Ground substance, bundles of COLLAGEN Fiber
49
Collagen
provide STRUCTURAL Support to EXTRACELLULAR space of C.T.
50
Collagenous Fiber
TOUGH, provide HIGH Tensile STRENGTH - func; STRETCH (Not SNAP) - locate; TENDON (B to M), LIGAMENT (M to M) - consist; COLLAGEN
51
Fibroblasts
Produce C.T. & maintain STRUCTURAL Framework
52
Reticular Tissue
Loose GROUND Substance w/RETICULAR Fibers - func; Soft INTERNAl Skeleton SUPPORT other cell types - locate; LYMPH Nodes, SPLEEN, Bone MARROW - consist; RETICULAR Fibers - structs; RETICULAR Fiber, LEUKOCTYES
53
Areolar Tissue
Gel-like MATRIX w/ALL 3 C.T. (ELASTIC, COLLANGENOUS,RETICULAR) - func; WRAP/CUSHION Organs, BIND Epithelia to LOWER Layers - locate; thru out body AROUND many ORGANS - consist; FIBROBLASTS, MACROPHAGES, MAST Cells, White Blood Cells - structs; Ground substance, ELASTIC Fiber, FIBROBLASTS, COLLAGENOUS Fiber
54
Elastic Fibers
THINNER than COLLAGENOUS Fibers - func; BRANCH & REJOIN each other - consist; protein; ELASTIN
55
Reticular Fibers
THIN COLLAGEN Fibers coated w/GLYCOPROTEIN - func; for FRAMEWORK of SPLEEN & LYMPH Nodes
56
Adipose Tissue
MATRIX sim. to AREOLAR C.T. w/closely packed ADIPOCTYES - func; ENERGY Storage, INSULATION, SUPPORT, PROTECTION - locate; Under SKIN, around KIDNEYS, ABDOMEN, BREASTS - consist; ADIPOCYTES - structs; BLOOD Vessel, ADIPOCTYE Nuclei
57
Adipoctyes
cells make up ADIPOSE Tissue
58
Cartilage
STIFF C.T. w/FLEXIBLE MATRIX
59
Chondrocytes
CARTILAGE Cells in LACUNAE
60
Lacuna
CAVITY, part of CARTILAGE Tissue
61
Perichondrium
SHEATH of DENSE IRREG. C.T.
62
Hyaline Cartilage
CONTINOUS Firm MATRIX w/OBSCURE Network of COLLAGEN Fibers - func; REDUCE FRICTION in JOINTS, RESIST COMPRESSION, keep AIR Passages OPEN - locate; END of LONG Bones, NOSE, TRACHEA, LARNYX - consist; CHONDROCYTES - structs; MATRIX, PERICHONDRIUM, LACUNAE, CHONDROCYTES
63
Fibrocartilage
MATRIX similar to HYALINE Cartilage, LESS Firm w/THICK COLLAGEN Fibers - func; ABSORB Compression SHOCK, PROTECT from WEAR/TEAR - locate; INVERTEBRATE Discs, PUBIC Symphysis, DIscs of KNEE Joint - structs; CHONDROCYTES, COLLAGEN Fibers
64
Elastic Cartilage
many ELASTIC Fibers (made of ELASTIC) - func; FLEXIBLE while maintain SHARE & STRUCT. - locate; SUPPORT Outer EAR, EPIGLOTTIS - consist; ELASTIC Fibers - structs; PERIOCHONDRIUM, ELASTIC Fibers, LACUNAE, CHONDROCYTES
65
Bone
OSSEOUS Tissue, CALCIFIED C.T. - func; - 2 types; COMPACT, SPONGY - locate; - consist; CARTILAGE, HYDROXYAPITITE, OSTEOCTYES, OSTEONS, COLLAGEN Fibers - structs; LACUNAE, CANALICULI, CENTRAL Canal,OSTEON, CONCENCENTRIC Lamellae
66
Hydroxyapatite
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE Mineral
67
Osteons
ring-like pattern
68
Central Canal
HOLE in CENTER of OSTEON - func; house Blood vessels/NERVES
69
Osteocytes
form OSTEONS - locate; in LACUNAE
70
Compact Bone
HARD Calcified Bone w/COLLAGEN Fibers - func; SUPPORT, PROTECT, LEVERS for Muscular action - locate; SKELETON - consist; HYDROXYAPATITIE, OSETOCYTES, OSTEONS
71
Spongy Bone
Highly VASCULARIZED & POROUS - func; STORAGE of BONE Marrow, Produce RED Blood cells - locate; ENDS of LONG Bones, INSIDE Vertebrate & RIBS - consist; TRABECULAE
72
Blood
RED/WHITE Blood cells in FLUID Matrix (PLASMA) - func; TRANSPORT of RESPIRATORY GASES, NUTRIENTS, WASTE, IMMUNITY - locate; BLOOD Vessels, HEART - structs; PLATELETS, LYMPHOCYTE

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