Midterm (muscles) Flashcards
1
Q
Type of muscle?
Origine/insertion?
Innervation?
Trapezius m.
A
Type : Extrinsic Back Muscle
Origin
• Base of skull (occipital bone)
• C1–T12 SPs
Insertion
• Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
• Acromion process of scapula
• Spine of the scapula
Innervation
• Spinal accessory n. (CN XI)
Actions :
Elevation of scapula
Shoulder shrugging
Retraction of scapula
2
Q
Latissimus dorsi m.
A
Type : Extrinsic Back Muscle
Origin • T7–T12 SPs • Thoracolumbarfascia • Posterior 1/3 of iliac crest • Ribs 9-12 • Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion
• Floor of the intertubercular groove of humerus (anterior)
Innervation
• Thoracodorsal n.
Action :
Medial rotation of arm
Arm extension
ADD of arm
3
Q
Levator scapulae m.
A
Type : Extrinsic Back Muscle
Origin
• C1–C4 TPs
Insertion
• Superior angle of scapula
Innervation
• Dorsal scapular n.
Action :
Elevate scapula
4
Q
Rhomboid minor m.
A
Type : Extrinsic Back Muscle
Origin
• C7–T1 SPs
Insertion
• Medial border of scapula
• Superior to spine of scapula
Innervation
• Dorsal scapular n.
Action :
Retraction of scapula
5
Q
Rhomboid major m.
A
Type : Extrinsic Back Muscle
Origin
• T2–T5 SPs
Insertion
• Medial border of scapula (inferior to spine of scapula)
Innervation
• Dorsal scapular n.
Action :
Retraction of scapula
6
Q
Triangle of Auscultation in the Back?
A
- Trapezius m.
- Rhomboid major m.
- Latissimus dorsi m.
7
Q
Serratus posterior superior m.
A
Type : Superficial Intrinsic Back Muscle
Origin
• C7–T3 SPs
Insertion
• Ribs 2–4
Innervation
• Intercostal n. (anterior rami)
Action :
Forced inhalation
8
Q
Serratus posterior inferior m.
A
Type : Superficial Intrinsic Back Muscle
Origin
• T11-L2 SPs
Insertion
• Ribs 8–12
Innervation
• Intercostal n. (anterior rami)
Action :
Forced inhalation
9
Q
Splenius capitis m.
A
Type : Superficial Intrinsic Back Muscle
Origin
• Nuchal ligament
• C7–T3 SPs
Insertion
• Occipital bone (mastoid
process)
Innervation
• Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action :
Cervical extension
Ipsilateral cervical rotation
10
Q
Splenius cervicis m.
A
Type : Superficial Intrinsic Back Muscle
Origin
• T3–T6 SPs
Insertion
• C1–C3 TPs
Innervation
• Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action :
Cervical extension
Ipsilateral cervical rotation
11
Q
Group?
Regions of the spine?
Iliocostalis m.
A
Type : Intermediate Intrinsic Back Muscle
Group : Erector spinae group
Regions : ce, t, l
Origin
• Sacrum
• Iliac crest
• Thoracolumbarfascia
Insertion
• Angles of ribs
Innervation
• Posterior rami of spinal nerves
12
Q
Group?
Regions of the spine?
Longissimus m.
A
Type : Intermediate Intrinsic Back Muscle
Group : Erector spinae group
Regions : ca, ce, t
Origin
• Sacrum
• Iliac crest
• Lumbar vertebrae (TPs and SPs)
Insertion
• TPs
• Mastoid process (occipital bone)
Innervation
• Posterior rami of spinal nerves
13
Q
Group?
Regions of the spine?
Spinalis m.
A
Type : Intermediate Intrinsic Back Muscle
Group : Erector spinae group
Regions : ce, t
Origin
• Nuchal ligament
• SPs
Insertion
• SPs
Innervation
• Posterior rami of spinal nerves
14
Q
Group?
Regions of the spine?
Semispinalis m.
A
Type : Deep Intrinsic Back Muscle (1st Layer)
Group : Transversospinalis group
Regions : ca, ce, t (4-6)
Origin
• C4–T12 TPs
Insertion
• Occipital bone (ca only)
• C2–T4 SPs
Innervation
• Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action : Controlateral rotation (little bit)
15
Q
Group?
Regions of the spine?
Multifidis m.
A
Type : Deep Intrinsic Back Muscle (1st Layer)
Group : Transversospinalis group
Regions : ca, ce, t, l (most l) (2-4)
Origin
• TPs
Insertion
• SPs
Innervation
• Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action : Controlateral rotation (little bit)
16
Q
Group?
Regions of the spine?
Rotatores m. (longus and brevis)
A
Type : Deep Intrinsic Back Muscle (1st Layer)
Group : Transversospinalis group
Regions : ca, ce, t, l (most t) (1-2)
Origin
• TPs
Insertion
• SPs
Innervation
• Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action : Controlateral rotation (little bit)
17
Q
Group?
Interspinales m.
A
Types : Deep Intrinsic Back Muscle (2nd Layer)
Group : Segmental group
Origin
• SPs
Insertion
• SPs
Innervation
• Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action :
Back extension
18
Q
Group?
Intertransversarii m.
A
Types : Deep Intrinsic Back Muscle (2nd Layer)
Group : Segmental group
Origin
• TPs
Insertion
• TPs
Innervation
• Anterior AND posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action : Ipsilateral flexion of the back
19
Q
Group?
Levatores costerum m.
A
Types : Deep Intrinsic Back Muscle (2nd Layer)
Group : Segmental group
Origin
• TPs
Insertion
• Inferior ribs
Innervation
• Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action :
Elevate the ribs
20
Q
Sternocleidomastoid m.
A
Type : Muscle of the neck
Origin
• Manubrium of sternum
• Clavicle
Insertion
• Mastoid process (occipital bone)
Innervation
• Spinal accessory n. (CN XI)
Action :
Lateral flexion
Contralateral rotation of neck
Flexion of cervical spine
21
Q
Region?
Obliquus capitis inferior m.
A
Type : Muscle of the neck
Region : Suboccipital region
Origin
• C2 spinous process
Insertion
• C1 transverse process
Innervation
• C1 posterior ramus (suboccipital n.)
Action :
Ipsilateral rotation
Lateral flexion
Neck extension
22
Q
Region?
Obliquus capitis superior m.
A
Type : Muscle of the neck
Region : Suboccipital region
Origin
• C1 TP
Insertion
• Occipital bone
Innervation
• C1 posterior ramus (suboccipital n.)
Action :
Neck extension
23
Q
Region?
Rectus capitis posterior major m.
A
Type : Muscle of the neck
Region : Suboccipital region
Origin
• C2 SP
Insertion
• Occipital bone
Innervation
• C1 posterior ramus (suboccipital n.)
Action :
Lateral flexion of the neck
24
Q
Region?
Rectus capitis posterior minor m.
A
Type : Muscle of the neck
Region : Suboccipital region
Origin
• C1 posterior arch (SP)
Insertion
• Occipital bone
Innervation
• C1 posterior ramus (suboccipital n.)
Action :
Lateral flexion of the neck
25
Suboccupital triangle
| m. + a. + n. (5)
- Obliquus capitis superior m.
- Rectus capitis posterior major m.
- Obliquus capitis inferior m.
- Vertebral a.
- C1 posterior ramus (suboccipital n.)
26
Region?
| Rectus capitis lateralis m.
Type : Muscle of the neck
Region : Deep anterior (prevertebral) region
Origin
• C1 lateral mass (transverse process)
Insertion
• Occipital bone
Innervation
• C1 anterior ramus
Action :
Neck flexion
27
Region?
| Longus capitis m.
Type : Muscle of the neck
Region : Deep anterior (prevertebral) region
Origin
• C3 – C6 transverse processes
Insertion
• Occipital bone
Innervation
• C1-C3 anterior rami of spinal nerves
Action :
Neck flexion
28
Region?
| Rectus capitis anterior m.
Type : Muscle of the neck
Region : Deep anterior (prevertebral) region
Origin
• C1 lateral mass (transverse process)
Insertion
• Occipital bone
Innervation
• C1 anterior ramus
Action :
Neck flexion
29
Region?
Parts?
Longus coli m.
Type : Muscle of the neck
Region : Deep anterior (prevertebral) region
3 parts :
• Vertical
• Superior oblique
• Inferior oblique
Origin
• Anterior aspects of vertebral bodies
• Transverse processes
Insertion
• Anterior aspects of vertebral bodies
• Transverse processes
Innervation
• C2-C6 anterior rami of spinal nerves
Action :
Neck flexion
30
Group?
| Anterior scalene m.
Type : Muscle of the neck
Group : Scalene muscle group
Origin
• C3 – C6 transverse processes
Insertion
• Rib 1
Innervation
• C3 – C8 anterior rami of spinal nerves
Action :
Ipsilateral flexion of the neck
31
Group?
| Middle scalene m.
Type : Muscle of the neck
Group : Scalene muscle group
Origin
• C1 – C7 transverse processes
Insertion
• Rib 1
Innervation
• C3 – C8 anterior rami of spinal nerves
Action :
Ipsilateral flexion of the neck
32
Group?
| Posterior scalene m.
Type : Muscle of the neck
Group : Scalene muscle group
Origin
• C1 – C7 transverse processes
Insertion
• Rib 2
Innervation
• C3 – C8 anterior rami of spinal nerves
Action :
Ipsilateral flexion of the neck
33
False ribs
8-10
34
True ribs
1-7
35
Floating ribs
11-12
36
Landmark for jugular notch?
T2
37
Landmark for Manubriosternal joint?
T4/T5
38
Landmark for Xiphisternal joint?
T9
39
What type of joint is the Manubriosternal joint?
Symphisis
40
What type of joint is the Costochondral joint?
Synchondrosis
41
What type of joint is the Sternocostal joint?
Synovial
42
What type of joint is the Interchondral joint?
Synovial
43
What type of joint is the Xiphisternal joint?
Synchondrosis
44
What is the name of the rib b/t T5 and T6?
Rib 6
45
What type of joint is the Costotranverse joint?
Synovial
46
Who are the atypical ribs?
| What makes them atypical?
Rib 1
• Articulates w/ T1 only
• No costal groove
• Flat and very small
Rib 2
• Smaller than others (> than Rib 1)
Rib 10
• Articulates w/ T10 only
```
Rib 11 and 12 :
• Only articulate w/ T11 ant T12 (respectively)
• Short
• No necks or tubercules
• No costotransverse joints)
```
47
External intercostal m.
Type : Muscle of the Thoracic Wall
Origin and insertion :
• Between adjacent ribs
Innervation :
• Intercostal n.
48
Where is VAN in relation w/ ribs?
```
Rib is superior to VAN.
Up to down:
Rib 1
Veine 1
Artery 1
Nerve 1
Muscle
Rib 2
```
49
Internal intercostal m.
Type : Muscle of the Thoracic Wall
Origin and insertion :
• Between adjacent ribs
Innervation :
• Intercostal n.
50
Innermost intercostal m.
Type : Muscle of the Thoracic Wall
Origin and insertion :
• Between adjacent ribs
Innervation :
• Intercostal n.
51
Transversus thoracis m.
Type : Muscle of the Thoracic Wall
Origin
• Sternum
Insertion :
• Ribs 2-6
Innervation :
• Intercostal n.
Action :
Depression of the ribs
52
Subcostal m.
Type : Muscle of the Thoracic Wall
Origin and insertion :
• Between non-adjacent ribs
Innervation :
• Intercostal n.
Action :
Depression of the ribs
53
Landmarks for diaphragm?
Right dome : above rib 5
| Left dome : below rib 5
54
Innervation for diaphragm?
Phrenic n.
| C2-C4-C5 keep the diaphragm alive
55
Name of the fascia right under skin in the abdominal wall?
Camper's fascia
56
Name of the fascia right above the rectus sheath in the abdominal wall?
Scarpa's fascia
57
Name of the fascia right under the rectus sheath in the abdominal wall?
Transversalis fascia
58
External oblique m.
Type : Anterolateral Abdominal Wall
Origin :
• Ribs 5-12
Insertion :
• Linea alba (anterior rectus sheath (aponeurosis))
• Iliac crest (anterior part)
• Public bone
Innervation
• Intercostal n.
Action :
Unilaterally : lateral ipsilateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the trunk
59
Internal oblique m.
Type : Anterolateral Abdominal Wall
Origin :
• Thoracolumbar fascia (deep)
• Iliac crest
Insertion :
• Linea alba (anterior rectus sheath (aponeurosis))
• Lower ribs (ribs 10-12)
```
Innervation
• Intercostal n.
• Subcostal n. (T12 anterior ramus)
• Iliohypogastric n. (L1)
• Ilioinguinal n. (L1)
```
Action :
Unilaterally : lateral ipsilateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the trunk
60
Transversus abdominis m.
Type : Anterolateral Abdominal Wall
Origin :
• Inferior ribs (internal aspects)
• Thoracolumbar fascia (deep)
• Iliac crest
Insertion :
• Linea alba (anterior rectus sheath (aponeurosis))
• Pubic bone
```
Innervation
• Intercostal n.
• Subcostal n. (T12 anterior ramus)
• Iliohypogastric n. (L1)
• Ilioinguinal n. (L1)
```
Action :
Forced exhalation
61
Rectus abdominis m.
Type : Anterolateral Abdominal Wall
Origin :
• Pubic bone
• Pubic symphysis
Insertion :
• Xiphoid process
• Cartilage of ribs 5-7
Innervation
• Intercostal n.
• Subcostal n. (T12 anterior ramus)
Action
• Flexion of lumbar spine
62
What is the landmark for the arcuate line?
Belly button
63
What is the difference between the rector sheath above and under the arcuate line?
Everything jumps anterior under the arcuate line
64
What happens to the inferior epigastric a. above the arcuate line?
Goes INTO the muscle
65
Inferior epigastric a. forms an anastomosis w/ which artery?
Superior epigastric a.
66
What are the vertebral rami for the :
- Intercostal n.
- Subcostal n.
- Iliohypogastric n.
- Ilioinguinal n.
- Intercostal n. : T7-T11 anterior rami
- Subcostal n. : T12 anterior ramus
- Iliohypogastric n. : L1 anterior ramus
- Ilioinguinal n. : L1 anterior ramus
67
Psoas minor m.
Type : Posterior Abdominal Wall
Origin
• T12 - L1
Insertion
• Pubic bone (long tendon)
Innervation
• Anterior rami (L2 - L4)
Action :
Hip flexion
Spinal flexion
68
Psoas major m.
Type : Posterior Abdominal Wall
Origin
• T12 - L5
Insertion
• Iliopsoas m.
Innervation
• Anterior rami (L2 - L4)
Action :
Hip flexion
Spinal flexion
69
Iliacus m.
Type : Posterior Abdominal Wall
Origin
• Iliac fossa
Insertion
• Iliopsoas m.
Innervation
• Femoral n. (L2 - L4)
Action :
Hip flexion
Spinal flexion
70
Iliopsoas m.
Type : Posterior Abdominal Wall
Origin
• Psoas major m.
• Iliacus m.
Insertion
• Lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation
• Anterior rami (L2 - L4)
Action :
Hip flexion
Spinal flexion
71
Quadratus lumborum m.
Type : Posterior Abdominal Wall
Origin
• Rib 12
• L1 - L4 TPs
Insertion
• Iliac crest
Innervation
• T12 - L4 anterior rami
Action :
Unilaterally : Lateral ipsilateral flexion of the spine
72
Landmark for caval hiatus?
Inferior vena cava --> T8
73
Landmark for esophageal hiatus?
T10
74
Landmark for aortic hiatus?
T12
75
Landmark for median arcuate ligament?
Aortic hiatus
76
Landmark for medial arcuate ligament?
Psoas major and minor m.
77
Landmark for lateral arcuate ligament?
Quadratus lumborum m.
78
Landmark for spine of the scapula?
T3
79
Landmark for inferior angle of scapula?
T8
80
What kind of joint is the Sternoclavicular joint?
Synovial (saddle)
81
Name the ligaments related to the Sternoclavicular joint.
- Anterior sternoclavicular ligament
| - Costoclavicular ligament
82
Which joint increase the ROM of the scapula by 120°?
Glenohumeral joint
83
What kind of joint is the Acromioclavicular joint?
Synovial (planar)
84
In which situations can a posterior shoulder dislocation appear?
Stair-falls
Sports injuries
Car accidents
85
In which situations can anterior shoulder dislocation appear?
Weight-lifting
86
What kind of joint is the Glenohumeral joint?
Synovial (ball and socket)
87
What are the ligaments associated w/ the Glenohumeral joint? (4)
- Coracohumeral ligament
- Superior glenohumeral ligament
- Middle glenohumeral ligament
- Inferior glenohumeral ligament
88
Pectoralis major m.
Type : Muscle of the Shoulder
Group : Anterior Shoulder Muscle
Origin
• Clavicle (head)
• Sternum (head)
• Ribs
Insertion
• Lateral lip of inter tubercular groove
Innervation
• Medial pectoral n.
• Lateral pectoral n.
Action :
ADD of the arm
Shoulder flexion
Medial rotation of shoulder
89
Pectoralis minor m.
Type : Muscle of the Shoulder
Group : Anterior Shoulder Muscle
Origin
• Ribs 3-5
Insertion
• Coracoid process of scapula
Innervation
• Medial pectoral n.
• Lateral pectoral n.
Action :
Protraction of scapula
90
Subclavius m.
Type : Muscle of the Shoulder
Group : Anterior Shoulder Muscle
Origin
• Rib 1
Insertion
• Inferior surface of clavicle
Innervation
• N. to subclavius
Action :
Stabilization
Depression of clavicle
91
Serratus anterior m.
Type : Muscle of the Shoulder
Group : Lateral Shoulder Muscle
Origin
• Lateral aspects of ribs
Insertion
• Medial border of scapula
Innervation
• Long thoracic n.
Action :
Protraction of scapula
92
Fibers?
| Deltoid m.
Type : Muscle of the Shoulder
Group : Lateral Shoulder Muscle
3 fibers
• Posterior
• Middle
• Anterior
Origin
• Pectoral girdle
Insertion
• Deltoid tuberosity
Innervation
• Axillary n.
Action :
Ant. fibers : shoulder flexion
Middle fibers : ABD
Post. fibers : shoulder extension
93
Subscapularis m.
Type : Muscle of the Shoulder
Group : Rotator Cuff Muscles (anterior)
Origin
• Subscapular fossa
Insertion
• Lesser tubercle of humerus
Innervation
• Upper subscapular n.
• Lower subscapular n.
Action :
Medial rotation of shoulder
94
Supraspinatus m.
Type : Muscle of the Shoulder
Group : Rotator Cuff Muscles (posterior)
Origin
• Supraspinous fossa
Insertion
• Greater tubercle of humerus (superior facet)
Innervation
• Suprascapular n.
95
Infraspinatus m.
Type : Muscle of the Shoulder
Group : Rotator Cuff Muscles (posterior)
Origin
• Infraspinous fossa
Insertion
• Greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet)
Innervation
• Suprascapular n.
96
Teres minor m.
Type : Muscle of the Shoulder
Group : Rotator Cuff Muscles (posterior)
Origin
• Lateral border of scapula
Insertion
• Greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet)
Innervation
• Axillary n.
97
Teres major m.
Type : Muscle of the Shoulder
Group : Posterior shoulder muscles
Origin
• Lateral border of scapula
• Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion
• Medial lip of inter tubercular groove
Innervation
• Lower subscapular n.
Action :
ADD of arm
Medial rotation of shoulder
Extension of arm
98
What are the landmarks for the triangular space?
- Teres minor m.
- Teres major m.
- Long head of biceps brachii m.
99
What pass through the triangular space?
Circumflex scapular a.
100
What pass through the quadrangular space?
- Axillary n.
| - Posterior humeral circumflex a.
101
What are the landmarks for the quadrangular space?
- Teres minor m.
- Humerus
- Long head of biceps brachii m.
- Teres major m.
102
What are the landmarks for the triangular interval?
- Humerus
- Long head of biceps brachii m.
- Teres major m.
103
What pass through the triangular interval?
- Radial n.
| - Deep brachial a.
104
Biceps brachii m.
Type : Muscle of the Arm
Group : Anterior compartment
Origin
• Long head : supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
• Short head : coracoid process
Insertion
• Radial tuberosity
• Bicipital aponeurosis
Innervation
• Musculocutaneous n.
Action :
Flexion at elbow
Supanation of forearme
Flexion of arm at shoulder
105
Coracobrachialis m.
Type : Muscle of the Arm
Group : Anterior compartment
Origin
• Coracoid process
Insertion
• Shaft of humerus (anterior)
Innervation
• Musculocutaneous n.
Action :
Flexion of shoulder
106
Brachialis m.
Type : Muscle of the Arm
Group : Anterior compartment
Origin
• Shaft of humerus (anterior)
Insertion
• Ulnar tuberosity
Innervation
• Musculocutaneous n.
Mvt : MAIN flexor of elbow
107
Triceps brachii m.
Type : Muscle of the Arm
Group : Posterior compartment
Origin
• Long head : infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
• Lateral head : surgical neck of humerus (posterior)
• Medial head : shaft of humerus (posterior)
Insertion
• Olecranon process
Innervation
• Radial n.
108
What are the landmarks for the apex (superior) of the axilla? (3)
- Clavicle
- Rib 1
- Superior border of scapula
109
What is the landmark for the base (inferior) of the axilla?
Skin
110
What are the landmarks for the anterior wall of the axilla? (3)
- Subclavius m.
- Pectoralis major m.
- Pectoralis minor m.
111
What are the landmarks for the posterior wall of the axilla? (3)
- Subscapularis m.
- Latissimus dorsi m.
- Teres major m.
112
What is the landmark for the medial wall of the axilla?
Serratus anterior m.
113
What is the landmark for the lateral wall of the axilla?
Humerus (inter tubercular groove)
114
What are the muscles present in the axilla? (6)
- Pectoralis major m.
- Pectoralis minor m.
- Serratus anterior m.
- Subscapularis m.
- Teres major m.
- Latissimus dorsi m.
115
What are the tendons present in the axilla? (3)
- Coracobrachialis m.
- Short head of biceps brachii m.
- Long head go biceps brachii m.
116
What is the content of the axillary sheath? (3)
- Axillary a.
- Axillary v.
- Brachial plexus
117
What are the a. that ramifies from the subclavian artery? (4)
- Vertebral a.
- Internal thoracic a.
- Thyrocervical trunk
• Dorsal scapular a.
• Suprascapular a.
- Costocervical trunk
- Dorsal scapular (sometimes)
118
From which anterior rami is the brachial plexus formed?
```
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
```
119
Which artery ramifies from the first part of the axillary artery?
Superior thoracic a.
120
Which structures ramify from the second part of the axillary artery?
- Thoracoacromial trunk (clavicular, pectoral, acroial, deltoid)
- Lateral thoracic a.
121
Which arteries ramify from the third part of the axillary artery?
```
- Subscapular a. :
• Cicumflex scapular a.
• Thoracodorsal a.
- Anterior circumflex humeral a.
- Posterior circumflex humeral a.
```
122
Name the veinous drainage of the arm. (6)
- Axillary v.
- Cephalic v.
- Basilic v.
- Median cubital v.
- Mediain v. of forearm
- Dorsal veinous arch
123
What is the landmark for the divisions of the brachial plexus?
clavicle
124
What form the roots of the brachial plexus?
Anterior rami of C5-T1
125
What is the shape of the trunks of the brachial plexus?
Y-I-Y
126
What is the order of divisions of the brachial plexus?
```
A
P
A
P
P
A
```
127
What is the 3 types of chords in the brachial plexus?
Lateral
Posterior (formed from all posterior divisions)
Medial
128
What is the shape of the branches of the brachial plexus?
M
129
What nerve will form the lateral chord of the brachial plexus?
Musculocutaneous n.
130
What nerve will form the medial chord of the brachial plexus?
Ulnar n.
131
What nerves will form the posterior chord of the brachial plexus? (2)
- Axillary n.
| - Radial n.
132
What innervates the musculocutaneous n.? Name 3 muscles.
Anterior compartment of the arm
- Coracobrachialis m.
- Biceps brachii m.
- Brachialis m.
133
What innervates the ulnar n.? (2)
- Anterior compartment of the forearm
| - Hand (most intrinsic m.)
134
What innervates the median n.? (2)
- Anterior compartment of the forearm (KING)
| - Hand (thumb, some intrinsic m.)
135
What innervates the radial n.? (2)
- Posterior compartment of the arm (triceps brachii m.)
| - Posterior compartment of the forearm (extensor m.)
136
What innervates the axillary n.? Name 2 muscles.
Lateral and posterior aspects of the shoulder
- Teres minor m.
- Deltoid m.
137
A) From where the dorsal scapular n. comes out in the brachial plexus?
B) Which region it innervates?
C) Names 3 m. it innervates.
A) C5 root
B) Medial border of the scapula
C) - Levator scapulae m.
- Rhomboid minor m.
- Rhomboid major m.
138
A) From where the long thoracic n. comes out in the brachial plexus?
B) Which region it innervates?
C) Names 1 m. it innervates.
A) C5-C7 roots
B) Lateral chest wall
C) Serratus anterior m.
139
A) From where the n. to subclavius n. comes out in the brachial plexus?
B) Which region it innervates?
C) Names 1 m. it innervates.
A) C5-C6 trunks
B) Inferior to clavicle
C) Subclavius n.
140
A) From where the supra scapular n. comes out in the brachial plexus?
B) Which region it innervates?
C) Names 2 m. it innervates.
A) C5-C6 trunks
B) Shoulder (superior and posterior)
C) - Supraspinatus m.
- Infraspinatus m.
141
A) From where the lateral pectoral n. comes out in the brachial plexus?
B) Where does it appear?
C) Names 2 m. it innervates.
A) C5-C7 cords
B) Proximal to pectorals minor m.
C) - Pectoralis major m.
- Pectoralis minor m.
142
A) From where the medial pectoral n. comes out in the brachial plexus?
B) Where does it appear?
C) Names 2 m. it innervates.
A) C8-T1 cords
B) Pierces pectoralis minor m. (more distal)
C) - Pectoralis major m.
- Pectoralis minor m.
143
What is the landmark for the roots of the brachial plexus?
Scalene m.
144
What is the landmark for the trunks of the brachial plexus?
1st rib
145
What is the landmark for the cords of the brachial plexus?
Pectoralis minor m.
146
A) From where the upper subscapular n. comes out in the brachial plexus?
B) Which region it innervates?
C) Names 1 m. it innervates.
A) C5-T1 cords
B) Subscapular region
C) Subscapularis m.
147
A) From where the lower subscapular n. comes out in the brachial plexus?
B) Which region it innervates?
C) Names 2 m. it innervates.
A) C5-T1 cords
B) Subscapular region (more distal)
C) - Subscapularis m.
- Teres major m.
148
A) From where the thoracodorsal n. comes out in the brachial plexus?
B) Which region it innervates?
C) Names 1 m. it innervates.
A) C5-T1 cords
B) Posterior wall of axilla
C) Latissimus dorsi m.
149
What region does C6 dermatome innervates?
Thumb
150
What region does C7 dermatome innervates?
Index and middle finger
151
What region does C8 dermatome innervates?
Ring finger and pinky
152
What kind of joint is the humeroradial joint?
Limited ball-in-socket (synovial)
153
What kind go joint is the humeroulnar joint?
Hinge (synovial)
154
Name of the membrane b/t ulnar and radius.
Interosseous membrane
155
What kind of joint is the radioulnar joint?
Pivot (synovial)
156
Which mouvement does the radioulnar joint permit?
Supination/pronation
157
What joint does this ligaments work on?
- Annular ligament of radius
- Anterior radioulnar ligament
- Posterior radioulnar ligament
- Ulnar collateral ligament
- Radial collateral ligament
Radioulnar joint
158
What is the common flexor origin of the elbow?
Medial epicondyle of humerus
159
Brachioradialis m.
Region : Anterior and lateral muscle of the forearm
Origine :
•Distal humerus
Insertion :
• Styloid process of radius
Innervation :
• Radial n.
Action : beer holder
160
Name the 4 wrist flexors.
- Pronator teres m.
- Flexor carpi radialis m.
- Parmaris longus m.
- Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
161
Pronator teres m.
Region : Anterior and lateral muscle of the forearm
Origine :
• Medial epicondyle of humerus
• Coronoid process
Insertion :
• Shaft of radius (lateral)
Innervation :
• Median n.
Action :
Pronation of forearm
Elbow flexion
162
Supinator m.
Region : Posterior forearm
Origine :
• Olecranon
• Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion :
• Shaft of radius (anterior)
Innervation :
• Deep branch of radial n.
Action : supination of forearm
163
What are the borders of the cubital fossa? (superior, medial and lateral)
Superior : Imaginary line b/t the medial and lateral epicondyles
Medial : Pronator teres m.
Lateral : Brachioradialis m.
164
What is the roof of the cubital fossa?
Bicipital aponeurosis
165
What is the floor of the cubital fossa?
- Brachialis m.
| - Supinator m.
166
What are the n. and a. in cubital fossa?
- Radial n. (superficial branch and deep branch)
- Brachial a. (ulnar a. and radial a.)
- Median n.
167
With which a. does the superior ulnar collateral a. form an anastomoses around the elbow?
Posterior ulnar recurrent a.
168
With which a. does the inferior ulnar collateral a. form an anastomoses around the elbow?
Anterior ulnar recurrent a.
169
With which a. does the middle collateral a. form an anastomoses around the elbow?
Recurrent interosseous a.
170
With which a. does the radial collateral a. form an anastomoses around the elbow?
Radial recurrent a.
171
How many cervical vertebrae?
7
172
How many thoracic vertebrae?
12
173
How many lumbar vertebrae?
5
174
How many sacrum vertebrae?
5 (fused)
175
How many coccyx vertebrae?
3-5 (fused)
176
What are the spinal curvatures?
Cervical lordosis
Thoracic kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis
Sacral kyphosis
177
What does excessive sitting and pregnancy provoque to the lumbar region?
anterior pelvic tilt
178
What is the name of the joint b/t the atlas and the skull?
Atlanto-occipital joint
179
What is the name of the joint b/t the atlas and the axis?
Atlanto-axial joint
180
What is the name of the joint b/t uncinate processes?
Uncovertebral joint
181
What is the name of the joint b/t vertebral bodies?
Intervertebral joint
182
What is the name of the joint b/t articular processes?
Zygapophyseal joint
183
What is the name of C1 vertebrae?
Atlas
184
What is the name of C2 vertebrae?
Aix
185
What are the 4 stages of herniation?
1. Degeneration
2. Prolapse
3. Extrusion
4. Sequestration
186
In what plane are the zygopophyseal joints in the cervical region?
Transverse
187
In what plane are the zygopophyseal joints in the thoracic region?
Frontal
188
In what plane are the zygopophyseal joints in the lumbar region?
sagittal
189
What is the content of the CNS? (2)
- Brain
| - Spinal cord
190
What is the content of the PNS? (2)
```
- Autonomic nervous system
• Involuntary control of viscera (organs)
• SNS (fight or flight)
• PSNS (rest and digest, feed and breed)
- Somatic nervous system
• Control of sensory and voluntary motor function
• Dermatome (skin)
• Myotome (muscle)
```
191
Who am I?
| An area/region of skin innervated by a single nerve
Dermatome
192
Who am I?
| An group of muscles innervated by a single nerve
Myotome
193
What is the dermatome for the belly button?
T10
194
Where does the spinal cord terminate?
L1-L2
195
Where is the CSF?
Subarachnoid space
196
What are the cervical spinal nerves name after?
Name for the inferior vertebra
| ex : C1 nerve is ABOVE C1 vertebra
197
What are the thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves name after?
Name for the superior vertebrae
| ex : T1 nerve is UNDER T1 vertebra
198
What kind of signal does anterior roots and rootlets carry?
Motor
199
What kind of signal does posterior roots and rootlets carry?
Sensory
200
What kind of signal does anterior and posterior rami carry?
Sensory AND motor
201
Where does the posterior ramus go?
m. of intrinsic back and skin of the back
202
Where does the anterior ramus go?
other m. than intrinsic back and skin
203
What is the name of the nerve b/t C7 vertebra and T1 vertebra?
C8
204
Where is the head of the ulna? Proximal or distal?
Distal
205
Where is the head of the radius? Proximal or distal?
Proximal
206
Which is more lateral : radius or ulna?
Radius
207
Where is the trochlear notch : radius or ulna?
Ulna
208
Where is the dorsal tubercule : radius or ulna?
Radius
209
What kind of specific joint is the humeroradial joint?
Limited ball-in-socket : design of a typical ball in socket joint acts as a hinge joint since the radius is locked by the ulna)
210
What is the name of the membrane between the ulna and the radius?
Interosseous membrane
211
What is the name of the most lateral ligament between the humerus and the ulna?
Ulnar collateral ligament
212
What is the name of the most lateral ligament between the humerus and the radius?
Radial collateral ligament
213
Which muscle attaches to the radial tuberosity?
Biceps brachii m.
214
Which muscle attaches to the ulnar tuberosity?
Brachialis m.
215
What is the common flexor origin?
Medial epicondyle of humerus
216
What kind of joint is the intercarpal joints?
Synovial
| Planar
217
Name the 8 hand bones.
```
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
```
218
What is the name of the structure between the ulna and the hand bones (ulnocarpal joint)?
Triangular fibrocartilage disc
219
What structure the thumb does not have compared to the other fingers?
Median phalanx
220
What kind (classification and type) of joint is the wrist joint?
Classification : synovial
| Type : Condyloid
221
What is the name of the ligaments between the 8 small bone of the hand?
Intercarpal ligaments
222
What is the name of the ligament b/t the radius and the hand?
What mouvement does it limit?
Radial carpal collateral ligaments
| Limits ulnar deviation
223
What is the name of the ligament b/t the ulna and the hand?
| What mouvement does it limit?
Ulnar carpal collateral
| Limits radial deviation
224
What are the 2 types of interphalangeal joints?
Proximal and distal
225
What kind of joint is the interphalangeal joints?
Synovial
| Hinge
226
What is the name of the ligaments that controls the interphalangeal joints?
Collateral ligaments
227
What is the name of the ligaments that controls the matacarpophalangeal joints?
Collateral ligaments
228
What kind of joint is the matacarpophalangeal joints?
Synovial
| Condyloid
229
What kind of joint is the carpometacarpal joints #1 (thumb)?
synovial
| saddle
230
What kind of joint is the carpometacarpal joints #2-5 (digits 2-5)?
synovial
| condyloid
231
What movements are allowed by the anterior compartment of the forearm?
What innervates this compartment?
Actions :
Flexion
Pronation
Innervation :
Ulnar n.
Median n.
232
What movements are allowed by the posterior compartment of the forearm?
What innervates this compartment?
Actions :
Extension
Supination
Innervation:
Radial n. (deep branch)
233
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Flexor carpi radialis m.
Region : Anterior compartment of forearm
Groupe : Superficial layer
Origin : Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion : Base of 2nd metacarpal
Innervation : Median n.
Actions :
Limited radial deviation
Wrist flexion
234
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
Region : Anterior compartment of forearm
Groupe : Superficial layer
Origin :
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Olecranon
Insertion :
Base of 5th metacarpal
Hook of hamate
Pisiform
Innervation : Ulnar n.
Actions :
Ulnar deviation
Wrist flexion
235
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Palmaris longus m.
Region : Anterior compartment of forearm
Groupe : Superficial layer
Origin :
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion : Palmaris aponeurosis
Innervation : Median n.
Actions : Tenses palmar aponeurosis
236
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Digitorum superficialis m.
Region : Anterior compartment of forearm
Groupe : Intermediate layer
Origin :
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Proximal 1/2 of anterior radius
Insertion : Sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5 (splits like snake's tongue)
Innervation : Median n.
Actions :
Flexion @ metacarpophalangial joint
Flexion @ wrist
237
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Flexor digitorum profundus m.
Region : Anterior compartment of forearm
Groupe : Deep layer
Origin :
Proximal 2/3 of anterior ulna
Interosseus membrane
Insertion : Distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Innervation :
Median n. (1/2)
Ulnar n. (1/2)
Actions :
Flexion @ fingertips (only)
238
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Flexor pollicis longus m.
Region : Anterior compartment of forearm
Groupe : Deep layer
Origin :
Anterior radius (middle)
Interosseous membrane
Insertion : Distal phalanx of thumb
Innervation :
Anterior interosseous n. (from median)
Actions :
Flexion @ thumb (only)
239
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Pronator quadratus m.
Region : Anterior compartment of forearm
Groupe : Deep layer
Origin : Distal 1/4 of anterior ulna
Insertion : Distal 1/4 of anterior radius
Innervation :
Anterior interosseous n. (from median)
Actions :
Pronation of forearm
240
What is the name of the structure that covers the carpal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum
241
What are the 10 elements in the carpal tunnel?
- Median n.
- 4 tendons of digitorum profondus m.
- 4 tendons of digitorum sperficialis m.
- Tendon of flexor policis longus m.
242
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Anconeus m.
Region : Posterior compartment of the forearm
Group : Superficial layer
Origin : Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion :
- Olecranon
- Proximal ulna (posterior)
Innervation : Radial n.
Mvt : Extension of elbow
243
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Extensor carpi radialis longus m.
Region : Posterior compartment of the forearm
Group : Superficial layer
Origin : Lateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion : Base of the 2nd metacarpal
Innervation : Radial n.
Mvt :
- Radial deviation
- Extension at the wrist
244
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Extensor carpi radialis brevis m.
Region : Posterior compartment of the forearm
Group : Superficial layer
Origin : Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion : Base of the 3rd metacarpal
Innervation : Deep branch of radial n.
Mvt :
- Radial deviation
- Extension at the wrist
245
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Extensor carpi ulnaris m.
Region : Posterior compartment of the forearm
Group : Superficial layer
Origin :
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Proximal ulna (posterior)
Insertion : Base of the 5th metacarpal
Innervation : Posterior interosseous n. (radial)
Mvt :
- Ulnar deviation
- Extension @ wrist
246
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Extensor digitorum m.
Region : Posterior compartment of the forearm
Group : Superficial layer
Origin : Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion : Extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Innervation : Posterior interosseous n. (radial)
Mvt : Extension of digits 2-5
247
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Extensor digiti minimi m.
Region : Posterior compartment of the forearm
Group : Superficial layer
Origin : Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion : Extensor expansion of digit 5
Innervation : Posterior interosseous n. (radial)
Mvt : Extension of 5th digit
248
Why is it difficult to extension only the ring finger?
Because only finger that does not have an extensor just for him
249
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Extensor pollicis longus m.
Region : Posterior compartment of the forearm
Group : Deep layer
Origin :
- Middle 1/3 of ulna (posterior)
- Interosseous membrane
Insertion : Base of 1st distal phalanx
Innervation : Posterior interosseous n. (radial)
Mvt : Total extension of the thumb (not just a thumbs up)
250
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Extensor pollicis brevis m.
Region : Posterior compartment of the forearm
Group : Deep layer
Origin :
- Distal radius (posterior)
- Interosseous membrane
Insertion :
Base of 1st proximal phalanx (1st phalanx of thumb)
Innervation : Posterior interosseous n. (radial)
Mvt : Total extension of the thumb (not just a thumbs up)
251
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
ABD pollicis longus m.
Region : Posterior compartment of the forearm
Group : Deep layer
Origin :
- Posterior surface of ulna
- Posterior surface of radius
- Interosseous membrane
Insertion : Base of 1st metacarpal
Innervation : Posterior interosseous n. (radial)
Mvt : ABD of thumb
252
```
Region
Group
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Actions
```
Extensor indices m.
Region : Posterior compartment of the forearm
Group : Deep layer
Origin :
- Posterior surface of ulnar
- Interosseous membrane
Insertion : Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
Innervation : Posterior interosseous n. (radial)
253
What is the name of the fascia on the tendons of the extensor muscles?
Extensor retinaculum
254
What is the anatomical 'snuff box'?
Tendons of ABD polices longus and extensor pollicis longus with tendon of extensor pollicis brevis makes a 'hole' at the base of dorsal view of hand
255
Which neurovascular structure pass through the anatomical snuff box?
Radial a.
256
Who is the travel buddy of the ulnar n. in the forearm?
Ulnar a.
257
Under which muscle passes the superficial branch of radial n.?
Brachioradialis m.
258
Who is the travel buddy of the posterior interosseous n.?
Posterior interosseous a.
259
Myotomes for neck flexion and extension?
C1-C2
260
Myotomes for neck lateral flexion?
C3
261
Myotomes for shoulder elevation?
C4
262
Myotomes for shoulder flexion, ABD, lateral rotation?
C5
263
Myotomes for shoulder extension, ADD, medial rotation?
C6-C7-C8
264
Myotomes for elbow flexion?
C5-C6
265
Myotomes for elbow extension?
C7-C8
266
Myotomes for forearm supination?
C5-C6
267
Myotomes for forearm pronation?
C7-C8
268
Myotomes for wrist flexion and extension?
C6-C7
269
Myotomes for finger flexion and thumb extension?
C7
270
Myotomes for finger extension?
C8
271
Myotomes for finger ABD and ADD?
T1
