Midterm - Notes

Question 1

How many official ways are there to die?

Answer 1

113

Question 2

Whhat kind of psychological experience is death?

Answer 2

Neither single, nor uniform

Question 3

What is the leading cause of death in 1-14?

Answer 3

Accidental injury

Question 4

What is the leading cause of death in 15-24?

Answer 4

Injury, homicide, suicide, cancer, heart disease

Question 5

What happens based on different causes of death? (5)

Answer 5

Psychological experiences, death anxiety, preventative behavior, coping and grieving

Question 6

What are the 5 types of death?

Answer 6

Degenerative death, epidemic death, sudden death, horrific death, premature death

Question 7

Degenerative - What groups are most susceptible to this type?

Answer 7

After 45, this accounts for 7 out of the top 10 causes

Question 8

Degenerative - examples

Answer 8

Diabetes, cancer, heart disease

Question 9

Degenerative - what causes it?

Answer 9

Lifestyle related, self-caused

Question 10

Degenerative - treatment?

Answer 10

Yes, it is treatable to slow down death. This may cause death defiance and death denial

Question 11

Degenerative death and out-group bias (5)

Answer 11

Negative view, blame the victim, avoidance (contamination), false sense of security, “sick person role”

Question 12

Degenerative and existential dilemas (5)

Answer 12

Self-blame, delays treatment, anger and rejection, self esteem challenges, problem of hope and acceptance

Question 13

Epidemic - what is this?

Answer 13

Comunicable disease such as influenza, dysentary, SARS

Question 14

Which kind of death causes most deaths worldwide?

Answer 14

Epidemic deaths

Question 15

Epidemic - which group is especially vulnerable?

Answer 15

Elderly, disabled, and children

Question 16

What happens after an epidemic?

Answer 16

Panic, anxious, search for victims, isolation of contaminated victims, great suffering and little treatment

Question 17

Examples of sudden or unexpected death

Answer 17

Heart attack, stroke or other natural form of death

Question 18

Sudden - how much of death is caused by this

Answer 18

1st or 2nd cause of death from 44 and on

Question 19

Epidemic - what kind of death trajectory?

Answer 19

very rapid (like death by diarea)

Question 20

Sudden - what kind of death trajectory?

Answer 20

quick death trajectory

Question 21

Sudden - causes

Answer 21

may be life-style related, but natural

Question 22

Sudden - treatment

Answer 22

Often treatable if caught in time, likely to include ICU treatment. Problem for saying goodbye

Question 23

Examples of horrific deaths

Answer 23

unexpected, body often disfigured, homicide, suicide, war

Question 24

What group is most effected by horrific death?

Answer 24

Most common for ages 1-45. Top 3 causes from ages 18-34, 82% of all deaths

Question 25

What comes with horrific death?

Answer 25

Shock, disbelief, revulsion common, problem with body and goodbyes,

Question 26

Horrific - what happens with grief?

Answer 26

May be delayed by ongoing conflict, political disputes, death seems unfair, need for justice, grief is more prolonged

Question 27

Horrific - blaming the victim

Answer 27

the victims's behavior may be questioned, blame on drugs or alcohol, external agent blamed

Question 28

Defining premature deaths

Answer 28

deaths of the young, those who havent had a "full life", always tragic and horrific

Question 29

Premature - Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)

Answer 29

The calculation of the years that the victims lost, and potentially life adventures not had

Question 30

Premature - life expectancy

Answer 30

78

Question 31

Premature - higher YPLL

Answer 31

More tragic death

Question 32

Premature - YPLL uses

Answer 32

insurance, lawsuits as a "value" of a lost life, can guide social policies

Question 33

Premature - grief

Answer 33

Much more difficult to deal with, anger at doctors, society and god. It may be channeled into prevention

Question 34

What does suicide mean?

Answer 34

Self murder, an ancient and universal behavior

Question 35

What is the best predictor for suicide?

Answer 35

Men are 4x higher across all ages, goes up in midlife, and skyrockets in the late 60s

Question 36

Possible explanations for male suicide rates? (5)

Answer 36

Physiology (testosterone), aggression, masculine identity, autonomy, self-determination

Question 37

Gender differences in methods of suicide

Answer 37

Males use firearms the most (62%), females use firearms (38%), poisons (27%)

Question 38

Cultural variations - suicide and murder

Answer 38

Inverse relationship

Question 39

Cultural variations - rural and urban and suicide

Answer 39

Rural life predicts higher rates

Question 40

Ethnic differences in suicide rate

Answer 40

Black, Asian, and Hispanic all have low suicide rates. Whites have high rates, perticularlu among midlife. Native Americans have very high rates in early adulthood, then drops

Question 41

What are the 3 types of NDE?

Answer 41

Cognitive (life review), Affective (peace), transcendental (point of no return)

Question 42

Psychological explanations for NDE

Answer 42

Depersonalization, dissociation, motivated fantasy