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Health Science 1100 > Midterm One > Flashcards

Midterm One Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Resilience?

A

Overcoming negative effects or risk exposure, adapting or coping successfully with traumatic experiences and avoiding negative trajectories associated with risk.

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2
Q

How was Resilience originally viewed?

A

Set of traits that allowed children to be able to be successful coping under stress

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3
Q

What does PPFPs stand for?

A

Promotive and Protective factors and processes

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4
Q

What are the two kinds of PPFPs? What do they each mean?

A

Assets - reside with the individual, competence, coping skills and self-efficacy
Resources - included with parental support and adult mentoring

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5
Q

What are the different aspects of the Socio-ecological approach?

A

Indivdual,
Relationships (Microsystem),
Community (Meso/Exosystem)
Societal (Macrosystem)

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6
Q

What are the three categories of resilience models

A

Compensatory
Protective
Challenge

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7
Q

What does the compensatory model represent?

A

It has a direct effect on a promoter factor or outcome not acting on the risk

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8
Q

What does the protective model represent?

A

Weakens the risk but does not remove it may neutralize it can also enhance the positive effect on another promotive factor

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9
Q

What are the two types of protective models? And what do they each represent?

A

Protective-Stabilizing, Gets rid of the risk
Protective-Reactive- Decreases the risk

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10
Q

What is the challenge model?

A

Association between risk factors and negative outcomes at moderate or high levels
Want something in the middle having low risk doesn’t decrease skill sets so can increase negative outcome

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11
Q

What does the inoculation model represnet?

A

Represents developed resilience

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12
Q

What is an example of the inoculation model?

A

Exposure to stress in school and as you go through obstacles you build resilience and face adversity.

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13
Q

What is reliance specific too?

A

Content, Culture and Context (Urban vs rural youth) or parental control

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14
Q

Do people react different to the same adverse events?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What are some circumstances that can have an important impact on how children are affected by their experiences?

A

Type of adversity, Duration of adversity, Number of adversities, Interactions between adversities, Timing and developmental status, Child’s temperament and reaction to adversity, Pre existing characteristics, Family environment, Health Status

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16
Q

What are some biological adverse childhood experiences (ACES)

A

Malnutrition, Infectious diseases, Injury and disability, Premature or traumatic birth, Prenatal substance exposure

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17
Q

What are some Psychosocial ACES.

A

Witenssing violence, Maltreatment, Extreme poverty, parental discord, stigmatisation

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18
Q

What are childhood physical impacts of ACES?

A

Somatic sympotms, Headaches, Poor dental health, astham, allergies and increased infections

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19
Q

What are childhood behavioural impacts of ACES?

A

Learning and/or behavioral problems, Early use of illlict drugs, High school absenteeism, early use of alchool, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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20
Q

What is the goal of resilience research?

A

What protects individuals and systems from breaking down when things go wrong in some circumstances?

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21
Q

In the social-ecological model what is in the individual section?

A

Genetic predispostion
Age
Gender
Faith

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22
Q

In the social-ecological model what is in the Microsystem section?

A

Child-family and child school relationships
Religious practices

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23
Q

In the social-ecological model what is in the Meosystem section?

A

Family-School relationships
Neighbourhood, religious institutions

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24
Q

In the social-ecological model what is in the Macrosystem section?

A

Political
Economic
Religious
Cultural contexts

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25
What are the six categories of capturing well-being?
1. SWB- life satisfaction, positive feelings and low negative feelings 2. Economic and material well-being 3. Physical health- longevity and lack of illness 4. Social and institutional well-being factors such as social support low corruption, honest elections and respect for others 5. Quality of the natural environment- clean air, clean water and preserving the enviorment 6. Equality- moderate and fair disparities in income and life satisfaction
26
What does GDP stand for?
gross domestic product per capita
27
What is the gini coefficient?
0 indicates complete equality within a nation 1.0 means that a single indivual passes all that resource and all other people are at 0
28
What countries are at the top of well-being indicators?
Northern European countries
29
What is life satisfaction associated with?
Income and meeting basic needs along with material comfort
30
What does UNDP stand for?
United nations development program human development index
31
What does hedonic tradition stand for?
The focus on happiness is generally defined as the presence of positive affect and the absence of negative affect
32
What is the eudaemonic tradition? And what are the 7 aspects of it?
The focus is on living life in a full and deeply satisfying way. Self-acceptence Positive social relationships Personal growth Purpose in life Enivormental Mastery Autonomy Personal Expression
33
What are the 6 core dimensions of psychological well-being?
1. Self-acceptance 2. Purpose in life 3. Environmental mastery 4. Positive relationships 5. Personal growth 6. Autonomy
34
What is the homeostasis and life events with challenges model in reference to resilience?
Phase A:When an individual experiences a mild change the SWB will vary slightly Phase B: When SWB is prevented from decreasing below the set point due to a strong homeostatic defence Phase C: Signifies a situation when the challenge is too strong for homeostasis to manage SWB would now fall sharply
35
What is the new definition of well-being?
It is now viewed as a see-saw where well-being can be swayed by either resources or challenges.
36
What is Robert Nozick's experiment and what were thew results?
You could experience first hand what you desire most but you would have to live that life forever. Most people voted to stay in their current life. This showed well-being is more than happiness.
37
What is well-being?
A multi-dimensional construct
38
What is Subjective well-being?
Personal evaluations of your own life satisfaction and experiences.
39
What is diners model?
Well being consists of three interrelated components, life satisfaction, frequent pleasant affect and infrequent negative affect
40
What are Ryffs Six factor model of Psychological Well-Being?
1. Autonomy (resists social pressure self detiremnce and self regulation) 2. Environmental mastery (ability to choose or create the life you want) 3. Personal Growth ( development of ones potential growing and expanding of an open mind) 4. Positive relations with others 5. Purpose in life (meaning in past and present life) 6. Self-acceptance
41
What does the PERMA model stand for?
P- positive emotions E- Engagement ( being one with music(flow) ) R- Positive Relationships M- Meaning (Serving something greater than yourself) A- Accomplishment
42
Who created the PERMA model?
Seligman
43
What are the six domains of the flourishing index?
Happines and Life satisfaction Physical and Mental health Meaning and Purpose Character and Virture Close Social Relationships Financial and material security
44
What are Sen's capabilities approach to wellbeing
Functioning is about being and doing and taking the resuources as is and being able to use it, everyone has access to different resources
45
What are the different domains for WHO-100 Scal e
Physical Capacity Psychological Level of indepence Social Relationships Enivorment
46
What is the Barett model? What are the 7 levels?
The global well-being indicator Contrubtion Collbration Evelaution Performance Releationships vialibity
47
What is HDI?
The human development Index - mean years of schooling expected years of schooling life expectancy at birth gross national income
48
What does HDI fail to consider?
Poverty, Gender and inequiality
49
What is the CWB
Community wellbeing index in Canada - education - labour force activity - income - housing
50
Is well-being a universal concept?
No it's subjective and personal
51
What languages is the world happiness report in?
English, Italian, German, Spanish and French
52
What does MPWB stand for?
Measuring progress and well-being
53
What does MPWB consist of?
Economic developments Generalized wealth Life quality social development progress happiness sustainability
54
Who defines quality of life?
Academics,governments or other organizations
55
What indicators have been most active in Canada when defining quality of life?
Non government
56
When is a country considered a well-being economy?
If the country actively uses well-being measures for informing government priorities and actively guiding government policy-making.
57
Do populations experience happiness?
No individuals do
58
How does Aristotle believe happiness comes from?
Does happiness come from feeling the right emotions which might not always be pleasant ones?
59
How do you know an emotion is right?
Depends on the goal and needs of an individual.
60
What does the Human development index rate?
Provides scores that rank countries on their level of development
61
What are the indicators of the Human development index?
Life expectancy Education Per capita income
62
Why should we study happiness?
Studies suggest there is a distinct link between happiness and health
63
What are the impacts of happiness on health?
Improved physical health More sociable More productive Better citizens
64
Are life circumstances the drive of happiness?
No instead fulfillments ( basic needs) increases positive affects and decrease negative affect
65
What does PAI stand for?
Positive Activity Interventions
66
What are some examples of PAI?
Writing letters of gratitude Gratitude(counting ones blessings) Practicing optimism Acts of kindness Mediating on positive feelings towards self or others
67
What are factors influencing Efficacy of PAI?
Time and dosage Variety Characteristics of a person ( being too highly motivated is not good either)
68
What are the 4 aspects of GNH?
Good governance Cultural resilience in a vital community Sustainable and balanced economical development
69
What are the 9 domains of GNH?
Culture Time use Good governance Community Vitality Living Standards Health Education Environment Psychological well being
70
How is psychological wellbeing indicated?
Life satisfaction Positive emotion Negative emotion spirituality
71
What are the indicators of education?
Literacy Schooling Knowledge Value
72
What are the indicators community vitality?
Donation Safety Community Relationships Family
73
What are the indicators of good governance?
Political participation Services Government performance Fundamental rights
74
What are the indicators for Ecological Diversity and Resilience?
Wildlife damage Urban issues Responsibility towards environment Ecological Issues
75
What are the five paths to wellbeing using art?
Making is connecting Art is embodied and relational Art allows one to observe and be sensitive Cycle of continuous learning Creating art as a way to give/share
76
What are the three different levels of making is conncecting?
Bringing new concepts together Connecting to others Bringing feelings into connection
77
What does Art is embodied and relational mean?
There are somatic ways of knowing and using senses/expressions along with using the body
78
What does it mean that art allows one to observe and be sensitive?
It means you are notching the unusual and paying attention to the environment
79
How can you create art as a way to share or give?
Contributing to community and can improve wellbeing along with accepting parts of your self
80
What did the study of older women embracing their bodies represent?(Three findings)
That creativity can be an act of care as some women felt a lot more confident with their body Creativity is also a collaboration where women saw that other women like them were embracing their bodies they also felt more confident within themselves Creativity as a critique some women left feeling no difference
81
What is mindfulness?
It is being in the present moment and has been linked to Buddhism, Hinduism and mystic traditions of Islam, Judaism and Christianity
82
What are some everyday things you can incorporate mindfulness into?
Walking Eating Meditation
83
What are the three main aspects of Mindfulness?
Intention Attention Attiude
84
What are the four foundations of Mindfulness?
Mindful observation of the body Mindful observation of feelings Mindful observation of consciousness/mind Mindfulness of the object of mind (spritural)
85
What are the psychological benefits of mindfulness?
Improved wellbeing Improved Resilience Stress reduction Memory Improvement Increased Focus Limited evidence that may improve academic performance
86
What are the physical benefits of mindfulness?
Improved immune functioning Improved Stress response
87
What are some interpersonal benefits of mindfulness?
Self-awareness Self-regulation Social Skills Motivation Empathy
88
What are the four mechanisms of action for mindfulness?
Attention regulation Body awareness Emotional Regulation Change in perspective on the self
89
What is Neuroplasticity?
Our brain can rewire itself Our brain is making new neural connections Our brain is always changing
90
How does Neuroplasticity work?
New mental activity Creation of new neural structures Repetition of mental activity Strengthening of neural connection
91
What is DMN?
Default model network A network of interacting brain regions that is active when a person is not focused on any external event or condtions
92
What is Rumination?
Where you are stuck in a loop of reocurring negative thoughts (depression) or general unhappiness

Health Science 1100 (2 decks)

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