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Geog 202 > Midterm One > Flashcards

Midterm One Flashcards

1
Q

Metageography oceans

A

covers 71% of earth’s surface

Four oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic

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2
Q

Continents

A

covers 29% of surface

Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia

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3
Q

Hemispheres

A

North and South are most common because related to the sun

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4
Q

Latitude

A

North and South all between 0 (equator) and 90 degrees (polar)

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5
Q

longitude

A

refers to east and west all between 0 and 80 in relation to prime meridian

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6
Q

Region

A

a collection of places or sizable area with common characteristics between local and global
4 major classifications: Spatial Attributes, Internal, External, and Dynamic quality

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7
Q

Formal Culture regions

A

languages, lifeway based on activities and culture of people (ex: most important lifeway is rice atties or the corn belt)

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8
Q

Functional Culture regions

A

distribution: fast food, walmart, internet, cell phones, the economy

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9
Q

World regions

A

12 regions

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10
Q

Geographical Attributes/ Characteristics of any region

A

Spatial Attributes
Internal components
External counter parts
Dynamic quality

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11
Q

Spatial Attributes

A

Areas (shape and size)
Location
Boundaries (Porous or Barrier / Fluid or permanent)

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12
Q

internal components

A

Two-way process with its components

Insiders, places within the region

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13
Q

external counter parts

A

two way process with its counter parts

outsiders, other external regions

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14
Q

Dynamic quality

A

Evolving (real and ideal)

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15
Q

Oldest surviving map

A

Anaximander of Miletus Greek

610-546 BCE

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16
Q

Ptolemy map

A

great accuracy of the Mediterranean

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17
Q

Map

A

Graphical representation of reality
visual object that you read, like photographs of the Earth’s surface, give the map maker the benefit of the doubt until you can prove them wrong
Can be a time reality or functional reality

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18
Q

globalization

A

The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political, and cultural change

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19
Q

Interconnectivity

A

trade
Contact and communication
travel and tourism

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20
Q

interconnectivity leads to

A

interdependence

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21
Q

interdependence

A

Dependency (New born baby)
Co-dependency (a couple in which both benefit)
Multi-dependency (International - multiple dependences)
Interdependence relies on the system

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22
Q

Economic activities are the prime movers behind globalization

A

Affects cultural patterns, political arrangements, and social developments
Must focus on regions, environment, geopolitics, culture, and economic and social development

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23
Q

Globalization is resulting in the economic reorganization of the world

A

Global Communications
Global Transportation
Transnational conglomerate corporations; international financial institutions
Global free-trade agreements
Homogenous global consumer culture
Globalized aspirations for democracy and freedom

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24
Q

Globalization has triggered cultural change

A

Material and non-material elements of culture

Hybridization of culture (a two way flow)

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25
Q

Globalization has triggered political and economic change

A

Transnational firms can disrupt local economies in their search for natural resources and manufacturing sites (i.e search for cheaper labor)

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26
Q

Globalization has a demographic dimension as well

A

Increasing numbers of international migrants

Age/Gender imbalances

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27
Q

Criminal element of globalization

A

Drugs, porn, prostitution, terrorism (ideological and criminal)

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28
Q

Pro-Globalization Stance

A

Global Capitalism benefits us all
Globalization is logical expression of capitalism
it will benefit all nations by increasing wealth and wealth will trickle down
Every country/region should seek its economic niche
Free flow of capital aids in global wealth
Economic convergence - belief that the world’s poorer countries will eventually economically catch up to the wealthier
Believe that sweatshops are to be applauded
Strong support of multinational organizations: World Bank; WTO

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29
Q

Anti-Globalization

A

Globalization eventually hurts us all
Not a natural process
Richer richer/ Poor poorer
E-Convergence is not happening
Promotes free market, export-oriented economies (countries with only one productive item)
Free market-economic model is not the one that today’s developed countries used for their own development
Bubble economy

30
Q

Western Hemisphere

A

0-180 degrees west of Prime Meridian

Functionally the landmasses between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

31
Q

New World

A

Post-Columbus Discovery
Last 523 years of world history
The Americas

32
Q

Old World

A

Europe, Africa, and Asia

33
Q

Colombian exchange

A

Movement of people, plants, and animals

Cultural diffusion

34
Q

effects of Colombian exchange

A

Native American populations are devastated by disease
Old and New Worlds connected into expanding world system
European people and ideas transform the New World

35
Q

The Americas

A

Continents of North and South America
Cultural: Anglo and Latin
Sub-continents “middle America” separate

36
Q

NAFTA

A

Three large federal states

Canada, Mexico, US

37
Q

Mexico

A
  • has both Atlantic and pacific coasts
  • Arid and tropical
  • Wide open spaces such as in Chihuahua
  • Fourth largest country by territorial area in Western Hemisphere
  • Population growth rates are declining
38
Q

History of Mexico

A

Mesoamerican civilizations: Mayan and Aztec
Spanish Era: New Spain ; Widespread diffusion of Europe culture
Independence
Revolution of 1910
NAFTA

39
Q

Mexican economy

A

showing to become a developed country through population pyramids

40
Q

Chilangos

A

people from Mexico city

41
Q

3 Major issues of Mexico

A
  1. Continentalism
  2. ) Cultural identity
  3. ) Development
42
Q

1.) Continentalism {Mexico}

A

unique relations with Global superpower
Long patrolled border
Not military partners with US
Large trading relationship

43
Q

2.) Cultural Identity {Mexico}

A

European and Native American Relationship
Mixture of people and art
Mestizos

44
Q

3.) Development {Mexico}

A

Internal inequality
Maquiladora
Housing Projects - Squatter settlements

45
Q

Central America

A

The area and people between Mexico and Colombia on the mainland
Culturally: Latin
Physically: North American Continent

46
Q

All 6 of the Central American Countries were part of old Spain except for

A

Panama ; governed out of Colombia

47
Q

Caribbean

A

Culturally: Afro-European (not Latin)
Physically: Insular realm (N.A)
The slave trade makes this area so unique
Human geography: mostly West African

48
Q

Caribbean Sea

A

Warm bodied water

49
Q

Greater Antilles

A 
(4)
Cuba 
Hispaniola 
Jamaica 
Puerto Rico
50
Q

Lesser Antilles

A

Bahamas
Leeward Islands
Windward Islands
Trinidad

51
Q

Cuba

A

Havana

52
Q

Haiti

A

Port-au-Prince

53
Q

Dominican Republic

A

Santo Domingo

54
Q

Jamaica

A

Kingston

55
Q

Trinidad and Tobago

A

Port of Spain

56
Q

Puerto Rico (US)

A

San Juan

57
Q

Slavery in the Caribbean

A

Involuntary migration
Atlantic slave trade was part of the expanding world economy
Colombian exchange

58
Q

Haciendas vs Plantations

A

Mainland vs. Rimland

59
Q

Plantation characateristics

A

Humid Tropical coastal lowlands
Export oriented people
imported capital and skills
seasonal labor

60
Q

“Factory in the Field”

A

plantations functioned as high regimented mechanical processes

61
Q

South America Continent

A

Andes mountains
Major river systems
Tropical rainforest and biodiversity
Amazon tribes pharmaceutical medicine

62
Q

Brazil

A

shares a border with every country in South America except Ecuador and Chile
largest lusophone
Growth rates are declining and have a RNI of 1

63
Q

Brasilia

A

Forward Capital: put not where people are now, but where you think they will be in the future , product of manifest destiny
Created capitol : modernistic architecture design 20th century capitol

64
Q

Physical geography of Brazil

A

Amazon river (right on the equator and what we classify as the tropics; extremely large amounts of fresh water ; important tributaries with lots of biodiversity
Br. Highland
Atlantic coast

65
Q

Human geography of Brazil

A

Agricultural giant : Coffee and tropical plantations
Major Economic Producer: Engineering University programs, top producer of cars and airplanes, even though Brazil is a large country it does not have high petroleum as a resource so they use biofuels
Cultural and Human diversity: Migrations from several people from different places around Europe, Brazil was the number one destination for the slave trade

66
Q

Brazil regions

A

north- amazon
interior - highlands (brasilia is located in it)
Sao Paulo
South (mix of different immigrant groups that came from Europe)

67
Q

South America Regions

A

Brazil, Guianas, North, Andean, and South

68
Q

North

A

Venezuela - Caracas; original member of OPEC not good relationship with US
Colombia - Bogota ; Drugs ; number one production site of Coca ; largest recipient of foreign aid of US ; concentration of indigenous people that survived very well

69
Q

Andean (West)

A

Ecuador- Quito
Peru - Lima became point for Spanish into the Incan Empire
Bolivia - La Paz ; Diplomatic action done there ; poorest country of South America ; President of Bolivia - Morales who was very proud and believes in right to grow coca and first native american to be elected head of state in the New World

70
Q

South Cone

A

Chile- Santiage; inland city ; elongated country (north to south) North is desert mountains - one of the driest places on earth ; south is completely opposite strong wind, high rainfalls, Middle is good environment for growing wine

71
Q

South Cone

A

Argentine- buenos Aires (primate city) and because of its location, British invested in cattle and created roads, tango, Guacho (cowboy) , Patagonia (rain shadow effect)
Tierra del Fuego- tip of south america

Geog 202 (9 decks)

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