Midterm Practical

Question 1

heart sits

Answer 1

T5-T9

Question 2

cardiac auscultations

Answer 2

aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral

Question 3

aortic area

Answer 3

2nd intercostal space, right sternal border, is

Question 4

pulmonic area

Answer 4

2nd intercostal space, left sternal border, is the

Question 5

tricuspid area

Answer 5

4th or 5th intercostal space, left or right sternal border,

Question 6

mitral valve

Answer 6

apex of heart, 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line

Question 7

right upper lobe

Answer 7

anterior: ribs 1-4
posterior: ribs 1-5

Question 8

left upper lobe

Answer 8

anterior: ribs 1-6
posterior: ribs 1-4

Question 9

right middle lobe

Answer 9

R anterior lat. to medial: ribs 4-6

Question 10

right lower lobe

Answer 10

ribs 6-12 with deep inspiration

Question 11

left lower lobe

Answer 11

posterior: ribs 5-10

Question 12

S1 (lub)

Answer 12

1st heart sound, represents closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves, signals beginning of systole

Question 13

S2 (dub)

Answer 13

2nd heart sound, closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves, radial pulse, signals beginning of diastole

Question 14

S3

Answer 14

ventricular failure, low frequency reverberating sound, hallmark of CHF, could also be present in endurance athletes, PG women, infections, fever, anemia, and childern

Question 15

S4

Answer 15

associated with MI/HTN, late ventricular filling, left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 16

murmurs

Answer 16

vibrations resulting from turbulent blood flow

Question 17

pericardial rub

Answer 17

inflammation causing the inner and outer pericardial wall layer to rub together

Question 18

bronchovesicular breath sounds

Answer 18

sounds of intermediate intensity and pitch
equal lengths
best heard in the 1st and 2nd ICS and between the scapulea

Question 19

vesicular breath sounds

Answer 19

major normal breath sound
soft and low pitched
inspiratory longer

Question 20

absent breath sounds

Answer 20

pleural effusion
pneomothorax
severe hyperinflation
obesity
pain

Question 21

bronchial breath sounds

Answer 21

consolidation
atelectasis with adjacent patent airway
pneumonia

Question 22

decreased breath sounds

Answer 22

hyperinflation in COPD or acute lung disease

pain

Question 23

crackles

Answer 23

secretions if biphasic

deflation if monophasic

Question 24

wheezes

Answer 24

diffuse airway obstruction if polyphasic

localized stenosis if monophasic

Question 25

prehypertention

Answer 25

120-139 or 80-89

Question 26

stage 1 HTN

Answer 26

140-159 or 90-99

Question 27

stage 2 HTN

Answer 27

160 or higher or 100 or higher

Question 28

hypertensive crisis

Answer 28

higher than 180 or higher than 110

Question 29

P wave

Answer 29

atrial contraction, atrial depolarization

Question 30

QRS interval

Answer 30

ventricular contraction, ventricular depolarization, conduction from the AV node through the Bundle of His, branches, and purkinjie system normal duration: 0.04-0.11 sec

Question 31

T wave

Answer 31

ventricular repolarization

Question 32

each small square

Answer 32

0.04 seconds

Question 33

each large square

Answer 33

0.20 seconds

Question 34

PR interval

Answer 34

conduction through the atria to the AV node and Bundle of His normal duration is 0.12-0.20 sec

Question 35

ST segment

Answer 35

time when ventricles have completed depolarization and repolarization begins elevation and depression are observed in MI

Question 36

Q-T interval

Answer 36

time interval for ventricular depolarization and repolarization norm time 0.32-0.40 sec prolonged associated with drug toxicity and increased risk of dysrhythmias

Question 37

ectopic beat

Answer 37

irregular beat arising in the heart due to a distrubance of the cardiac rhythm frequently related to the electrical conductance system of the heart

Question 38

sinus bradycardia

Answer 38

slowed rate causes: beta-blockers, athlete, decreased automaticity of the SA node decreased CO

Question 39

sinus tachycardia

Answer 39

fast HR | causes: inc. SA node, fear, pain, exertion, inc O2 demand

Question 40

sinus arrhythmia

Answer 40

irregular rhythm | causes: infection, fever, meds

Question 41

artial fibrillation

Answer 41

``` irregularly irregular no true p-wave causes: age, CHF, MI, drug use, stress treatment: anticoagulant therapy, med, cardioversion dec CO ```

Question 42

premature ventricular complex PVC

Answer 42

irregular regular QRS: wide and bizarre causes: caffine, nicotine, ischemia, CHF

Question 43

1st-degree heart block

Answer 43

regular rhythm, slow PRI interval | cause: CAD/MI

Question 44

3rd-degree heart block

Answer 44

p-p and r-r rhythms are regular artial equal to or greater than ventricular causes: MI or digoxin toxicity treatment: pace