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Pediatric Diagnosis > Midterm Pt 1 > Flashcards

Midterm Pt 1 Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

Quickening/Lightening primigravidas

A

First perception of fetal movement 18-20 weeks

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2
Q

Quickening/Lightening multigravidas

A

First perception of fetal movement 14-16 weeks

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3
Q

Cholasma/Melisma/Mask of Pregnancy

A

Hormonal reaction causing darkening of skin like freckles; occurs around 16 weeks gestation

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4
Q

Linea Nigra

A

Dark line from umbilicus to pubis; due to splitting of rectus abdominus

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5
Q

Piscacek’s sign

A

Asymmetrical enlargement of uterus

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6
Q

Chadwick’s

A

Blueish or purplish discolouration of vagina and cervix

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7
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions

A

Usually occur around 28 weeks

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8
Q

Artificial ptocin

A

Induces side to side contractions

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9
Q

Morning sickness

A

Occurs in 50% of pregnancies between 5-18 weeks

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10
Q

Hyperemesis gravidum

A

Loses 5% of body weight, dehydration, ketosis, electrolyte abnormalities

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11
Q

Rh Incompatibility

A

Rh- mother, Rh+ baby: mother creates antibodies against baby

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12
Q

Rh Incompatibility complications

A

Heart failure
Kernicterus: bilirubin encephalopathy
Hydrops fetalis: gross edema of whole body

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13
Q

Fundal Height

A

Measured every week after 20 weeks; equal to weeks of gestation +/- 2cm.

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14
Q

Abnormal fundal height

A

Too small; growth issue of baby, amniotic fluid loss

Too large; twins, big baby, weight gain of mom

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15
Q

Effacement (labour term)

A

Shortening and thinning of cervix

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16
Q

Engagement (labour term)

A

Fetal head passes into the pelvic cavity

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17
Q

Bloody show (labour term)

A

Mucous plug releases from cervix

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18
Q

Lochia

A

Vaginal discharge 1-2 weeks after birth

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19
Q

Progression of lochia

A

1st rubra: blood tinged mucous
2nd yellow: mucous and blood
3rd white/alba: just mucous

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20
Q

Fetal station

A

Measurement as fetus descends into birth canal

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21
Q

Fetal station measurements

A

Ischial spine at 0; higher is negative 1-5; lower is positive 1-5. Birth begins around zero

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22
Q

Pre-eclampsia
aka toxemia of pregnancy
aka pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)

A

Usually begins around 24th week (in 5-10% of pregnancies). Uterine hypertonia and hyperirritability are a high risk for premature contractions

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23
Q

3 Cardinal signs of pre-eclampsia

A

Rise in BP (along with headache)
Edema
Protinuria

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24
Q

Amniotic Fluid Disorders 1

A

Oligohydraminios: too little amniotic fluid. Early on causes club foot deformities and pressure on cord. Late also causes intrauterine growth retardation, fetal distress. Usually tough labour or C-section needed

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25
Amniotic Fluid Disorders 2
Polyhydraminos: too much fluid (2000mL) | C-section is needed. Occurs in 1% of cases Can indicate maternal diabetes or congenital malformation.
26
Gestational Diabetes
Fasting blood sugar > 130 mg/dL
27
Infant of Diabetic Mother (IDM)
Usually 2x the size of a normal kid with enlarged heart and liver.
28
Iron deficiency anemia
Do not take pills
29
Ectopic pregnancy
Embryo implants outside endometrium; always fatal to embryo, often fatal to mom
30
Ectopic pregnancy presentation
Px will have stomach cramping and possible bleeding from birth canal; beginning shortly after 1st missed period
31
Ectopic pregnancy risk factors
Tubal disease, exposure to DES or induced abortion
32
Miscarriage
Usually before 20th week of pregnancy (usually 5-6 weeks)
33
Miscarriage etiology
Severe physical shock, uterine abnormalities, acute infections, endocrine abnormalities
34
Signs of miscarriage
Cramping, pain, vaginal bleeding, diffuse low back pain
35
Group B Strep
Present in 10-35% of healthy women; puts baby at higher risk of pneumonia or meningitis; mom needs antibiotics
36
Sequela of group B strep
Baby difficulty with temperature regulation, grunting sounds, fever, seizures, breathing problems, failure to thrive
37
3rd trimester bleeding
Sudden painful vaginal bleeding, medical emergency
38
Placenta previa
Placenta is slipping off the uterine wall so there is limited blood supply
39
Placenta abruptio
Entire placenta falls off; massive bright red bleeding is a medical emergency
40
Prolapse of the umbilical cord
MC in breech baby. Umbilical cord needs to be pushed back in. Call 911
41
APGAR
``` Taken at 1 minutes and 5. 0-3= severely depressed infant 4-6= moderately depressed infant 7-8= slightly depressed infant 9-10= normal infant ```
42
APGAR
``` Appearance/colour Pulse rate Grimace/reflex Activity/movement Respiratory rate ```
43
Newborn Day 1
First 24 hours; one wet diaper and meconium
44
Newborn Day 2
Wet diaper every 8-11 hrs and possible 2nd meconium
45
Newborn Day 3
4-6 wet diapers and green/yellow stool
46
Newborn Day 4 & 5
6-8 wet diapers and 3-4 yellow seedy stools
47
Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF)
If inhaled; hypoxia and fetal distress. Possible pneumonia --> pneumothorax --> overinflation and subsequent collapse of lungs
48
Water breaks with meconium in it
Call 911
49
Jaundice
Physiological (in 70% of normal babies); appears btwn days 2-5 and goes away btwn days 10-14
50
Jaundice day 1
Pathological: baby receives phototherapy
51
Caput Seccudaneum
Raised subcutaneous tissue that crosses suture line due to breech or facial presentations
52
Cephalhematoma
Birth injury; raised periosteum that does not cross suture line. From vacuum or forceps
53
Milia
Baby acne; Tiny white cysts on chin and cheeks
54
Mongolian spots
Blueish area around pelvis; smooth and flat. MC in children of colour
55
Cafe au Lait spots
Irregular or well circumscribed. Varying from dark brown to yellow. More than 6 --> Neurofibromatosis
56
Port wine stains | aka Stork bites
Reddish coloured spots. Worrisome if on face or large. Stork bites are smaller and lighter.
57
Rashes
Use calendula cream. Cradle cap usually disappears 4-6 months
58
Regurgitation/Spitting up
Normal up to 4-6 months as long as child is gaining weight
59
Infant Reflux
Spitting up is accompanied by crying
60
Gastro-esophageal reflux (GER)
Painful spitting up due to partial digestion
61
Colic
Acute abdominal pain; 3 hr/day, 3x/week for 3 weeks. Usually starts 2-4 weeks old
62
Colic presentation
Infant flexes their legs up to their abdomen and screams and clenches fists. Stomach palpates firm
63
Constipation
Delay of difficulty passing stool for more than 2 weeks. Baby cries when pooping.
64
Diarrhea
Never normal. Loose, watery undigested stool
65
Vomiting
In babies is always projectile
66
Solutions to stomach issues
Change formula or no dairy for nursing mom
67
Normal birth weight
6-9lbs
68
Low birth weight
5.5 lbs or less; MC in twins and premies
69
Normal weight loss
7-10% of birth weight in 3-4 days | Loss of ECF, meconium and only colostrum intake
70
Normal weight gain newborn
Baby back to birth weight by day 10. | Mom needs A LOT of water, minimum 500 extra calories and to listen for swallowing and feel breast changes while nursing
71
Normal weight gain infant
1 ounce/day for 5-6 months 1 ounce/ 2days 6-12 months 4-6 lbs/year from 13 months and on
72
Birth weight doubles
6 months
73
Birth weight triples
1 year
74
Birth weigh quardruples
2.5 years
75
Average newborn length
20 inches
76
Newborn growth length
10 inches
77
Infant growth in height
2-3 inches/year until puberty
78
Birth height doubles
4 years
79
Birth height triples
13 years
80
Normal head circumference
13-14 inches
81
Head circumference growth
4 inches in first year | 1/2 inch/year next 5 years
82
Teething
starts at 3 months; breaks through at 6 months
83
Signs of teething
Mucous, crying, fever, irritable, not sleeping
84
Baby teeth
Normal; 20 by age 3
85
Adult teeth
Come around age 6
86
Infant vision
Nearsighted; 18 inch focal point
87
Antibiotic eye drops
Negative effect on vision
88
Tonsils and adenoids
Normal increase in size until age 5, then decrease as rest of immune system develops
89
Swollen tonsils and adenoids
Instruct mom to go dairy free. May need removal if affecting child's breathing
90
Infant eustachian tube
Short and straight
91
Adult eustachian tube
Longer and angled down
92
Eustachian tube
Mechanically pulled on by atlas subluxation
93
Acute otitis media
MC between 3 months and 3 years of age
94
Acute otitis media risks
Chronic infections risk hearing loss. Tubes for drainage should be considered
95
Acute otitis media symptoms
Head or jaw pain, hearing loss and vertigo, fever, nausea, vomiting, crying while sleeping and diarrhea

Pediatric Diagnosis (2 decks)

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