Midterm Quality Control

Question 0

The overall activities conducted by the institution that are directed toward assuring the quality of the services provided

Answer 0

Quality assurance

Question 1

Systematic action necessary to provide adequate confidence that laboratory services will satisfy given medical needs for patient care

Answer 1

Quality control

Question 2

Focus on monitoring of outcomes or indicators of care

Answer 2

Quality assurance

Question 3

Applies to the activities directed toward the monitoring of the individual elements of care

Answer 3

Quality control

Question 4

Important for the daily monitoring of accuracy and precision of analytical methods.

Answer 4

IntraLab Internal Qc

Question 5

Detects both random and systematic error

Answer 5

IntraLab internal Qc

Question 6

It involves proficiency testing programs that periodically provide samples of unknown concentration of analytes to participating laboratories

Answer 6

Internal external Qc

Question 7

Used to determine estimates of the state of the art interlab performance

Answer 7

Interlab external lab

Question 8

Objective of quality control

Answer 8

Check stability of the machine
Quality of reagents
Technical errors

Question 9

Result of improper product manufacturing, use of unpurified human and non human analyte additives and altered protein components

Answer 9

Matrix

Question 10

Calculated from the mean and standard deviation

Answer 10

Control limits

Question 11

To establish statistical quality control on a new instrument the diff levels of control material must be analyzed between?

Answer 11

5 and 20 days

Question 12

Present in all measurement due to chance

Answer 12

Random error

Question 13

Basis for varying differences between repeated measurement

Answer 13

Random error

Question 14

Due to instrument operator and environmental condition

Answer 14

Random error

Question 15

Example of random errors

Answer 15

Pipetting error
Mislabeling of sample
Temperature fluctuation
Improper mixing of sample and reagent

Question 16

Error that influences observation consistently in one direction

Answer 16

Systematic error

Question 17

Detected as either positive or negative bias

Answer 17

Systematic error

Question 18

Is often related to calibration problems , deterioration of reagents and control materials, unstable and inadequate reagent blanks , contaminated solutions, failing instrumentation and poorly written procedures

Answer 18

Systematic error

Question 19

Refers to a difference between the target value and the assay value. Independent of sample concentration

Answer 19

Constant error

Question 20

Exists when there is a constant difference between comparative method and the test method regardless of the concentration

Answer 20

Constant error

Question 21

Results from greater deviation from the target value due to higher sample concentration

Answer 21

Proportional / slope / percent error

Question 22

Exists when the difference between the test method and the comparative method values are proportional to the analyte concentration

Answer 22

Proportional / slope / percent error

Question 23

The highest frequency of clerical errors occurs with the use of handwritten labels and request forms

Answer 23

Clerical error

Question 24

The first step in method evaluation

Answer 24

Precision study

Question 25

Expressed either in measurement units of analyte or percentages

Answer 25

Allowable error

Question 26

Pre analytical errors

Answer 26

``` Improper patient preparation Mislabeled specimen Incorrect order of draw Incorrect PC ID Wrong specimen container Incorrect anticoagulant to blood ratio Improper mixing of sample and reagent Incorrect specimen preservation Incorrect use of tubes Mishandled specimen ```

Question 27

Post analytical error

Answer 27

Unavailable and delayed lab results Incomplete lab results Wrong transcription of the PC data and lab results

Question 28

The science of gathering, analyzing, interpreting and presenting data

Answer 28

Statistic

Question 29

A measurement of central tendency

Answer 29

Mean

Question 30

A measurement of dispersion of values from the mean. Helps describe the normal curve. A measurement of distribution range

Answer 30

Standard deviation

Question 31

Percentile expression of the mean. An index of precision

Answer 31

Coefficient of variation

Question 32

Standards deviation squared

Answer 32

Variance

Question 33

Largest value minus the smallest value in the data

Answer 33

Range

Question 34

Midpoint of a distribution

Answer 34

Median

Question 35

Most frequent observation

Answer 35

Mode

Question 36

Use to compare the means of standard deviation of 2 groups of data

Answer 36

Inferential statistics

Question 37

Used to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between SD of two groups of data

Answer 37

T test

Question 38

Used to determine difference between SD of 2 groups of data

Answer 38

F test

Question 39

The difference between the value of a data point and the mean value divided by the groups SD

Answer 39

Standard deviation index

Question 40

Referred as reference ranges

Answer 40

Reference interval

Question 41

A pair of medical decision points that span the limits of results expected for a given condition

Answer 41

Reference interval

Question 42

Value for an analyte that represents the boundary between different therapeutic Approach

Answer 42

Medical decision level

Question 43

Range results between medical decision levels that corresponds to +- 2 of results from a healthy patient

Answer 43

Normal range

Question 44

Reference interval applied to a therapeutic drug

Answer 44

Therapeutic range

Question 45

Range of values that include a specific probability, usually 90% or 95%

Answer 45

Confidence interval

Question 46

Different between the observed man and the reference mean

Answer 46

Bias

Question 47

Tests values that tend to be lower or higher than the reference value

Answer 47

Neg and pos bias