Midterm Quick Review Flashcards
All cells are _______ by their descent from earlier cells.
Related
Why are cells so small?
- natural laws limit the size of cells
- at minimum a cell must be large enough to house the parts it needs to survive and reproduce
- the maximum size of a cell is limited by the amount of surface needed to obtain nutrients from the environment and dispose of waste
Every cell has…
A plasma membrane
- barrier that separates the internal environment from the external environment
- controls flow of materials in and out of cell (selectively permeable)
- integral component of waste disposal and secretory processes
Every cell has… (2)
Chromosomes - strand of DNA that carry genes
Every cell has… (3)
Ribosomes
- tiny structures that make proteins according to instructions from the genes
Every cell has… (4)
Cytoplasm
- the interior of the cell
- in eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm refers to the area between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
Every cell has… (4)
Cytoplasm
- the interior of the cell
- in eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm refers to the area between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
Prokaryotic
- they are the simple ones
- enclosed by a plasma membrane and usually encased in a rigid cell wall
- inside the cell the DNA is contained in a nucleoid region
- on the exterior surface there are processes called pili and flagella
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Both have cell membranes, cytoplasm, chromosomes, and ribosomes.
Pro had nucleoid region and eu has a nucleus. Pro has few simple organelles and eu has a complex membrane bound structures.
And a size difference
Eukaryotic cells compartments
- increases efficiency
- Allows compatible chemical reactions to be separated
- keeps enzymes that cooperate close together
- higher local concentration of molecules
Animal and plant cell differences
Animals have lysosomes, centrioles, and flagella.
Plant cells have chloroplasts, rigid cell wall, and a central vacuole.
