Midterm Quiz Flashcards by D L

Humanist Perspective theorists?

Abraham Maslow

Carl Rogers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Humanist Perspective–
Main theorist(s)?
Beliefs?

Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers

Stress individual choice and free will

We choose our behaviors guided by physiological/emotional/spiritual needs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Psychoanalytic Perspective

“Unconscious mind” controls us with impulses and memories.

To study, we must examine unconscious mind through::
Dream analysis, therapy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Biopsychology (Neuroscience) Perspective

Explains strictly in terms of biological processes::
Genes
Hormones
Neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Evolutionary Perspective

Natural selection of psychological traits.

Therefore passing on of those traits

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Behavioral Perspective

CONDITIONING!!!

Behaviors - reactions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cognitive Perspective

How we interpret, process, and remember environmental events.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Social-Cultural Perspective

Society/cultural effect on person

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hindsight Bias

I knew it all along

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Operational Definition

Explaining how you will measure something in a research

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Random assignment

Each participant has equal chance of being placed into any group

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that travel between neurons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Synapse

Gap between neurons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Action potential

Electric message firing down the length of a neuron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All or non principle

Neurons will either fire completely or does not fire

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Somatic Nervous System

Voluntary muscles/ controllable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Autonomic nervous system

Controls automatic functions of body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sympathetic nervous system

In response to stress, accelerates functions (ex. Heart rate)

The “alert system”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parasympathetic nervous system

Slows down body after stress

“Brake pedal”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Brain lateralization

Aka Hemispheric specialization

Specialization of function in each hemisphere

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Brain plasticity

Brain is somewhat plastic or flexible.

Other parts of brain can adapt to perform other tasks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Transduction

Transforming signals into neural impulses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sensory adaptation

Decreasing responsiveness to stimuli b/c constant stimulation

NOT sensory habituation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Feature detectors

What impulses activate once they get to the brain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gate control theory

Some pain messages have higher priority than others

Absolute threshold

Smallest amount of stimulus we can detect

Difference threshold

Smallest amount if change needed in a stimulus before we detect a change

Webers law

States that change needed is proportional to the original intensity of the stimulus

Top down processing

Using what we already know to process a perception

Perceptual set

Predisposition to perceive something in a certain way

Bottom up processing

Opposite of top down

Freudian dream interpretation

Important tool in therapy. Method to uncover the repressed info in unconscious mind

Activation synthesis dream theory

Dreaming is merely brain's interpretation within sleep

Information processing dream theory

Brain deals with daily stress and information during dream

Posthypnotic amnesia

Forgetting events of hypnosis

Post hypnotic suggestion

Suggestion that person behaves a certain way the hypnotist tells

Role theory of hypnosis

People are acting out the role of hypnotized person

State theory of hypnosis

dissociation theory of hypnosis

Hypnosis causes us to divide our consciousness voluntarily By researcher Ernest Hilgard

Agonists

Psychoactive drugs that mimic and produce same effect as certain neurotransmitters

Antagonists

Drugs that block Neurotransmitters

Classical conditioning

Stimulus -> Response

Unconditioned stimulus

Original stimulus that elicits response

Unconditioned response

Response to U.S.

Conditioned stimulus

Made up stimulus to elicit response

Conditioned response

Response to C.S.

Operant conditioning

Learning based on consequences Behavior -> consequence

Positive reinforcement

Giving a good thing

Negative reinforcement

Taking away a bad thing

Positive punishment

Presenting a bad thing

Negative punishment

Taking away a good thing

Cross sectional research

Uses participants of different ages to compare how certain variables may change over life span

Longitudinal research

Researches one group over longggg time

Secure attachments

Infants distressed when parents leave, and come to them when they return

Avoidant attachments

Infants very independent. Will explore alone, and will not come back to parents when they return

Anxious/ambivalent attachments

Extreme stress when parents leave, and resist being comforted when they return.

Authoritarian parents

Strict standards for children Punishment used more often than reinforcement

Permissive parents

No clear guidelines for children

Authoritative parents

Consistent standards for children but are also reasonable. Between authoritarian and permissive

Assimilation

Incorporating experiences into existing schemata

Accomodation

Cannot assimilate information, so change the schemats