Midterm Red Terminology Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Processor
A
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Where symbols, characters & Numbers are manipulated
2
Q
Main Memory
A
where data and instructions are stored temporarily for quick access during processing
3
Q
Secondary Storage
A
Stores data and programs even when computer is off
4
Q
Input Devices
A
devices that send instructions to PC - Mouse, KB, touchpad, mic, camera
5
Q
Output Devices
A
converts info from computer to something humans understand
e.g.: Monitor, printer, speaker
6
Q
Communication Devices
A
provides connections between PC and communication networks
e.g. ethernet, wifi, bluetooth
7
Q
bit
A
either 0 or 1
8
Q
byte
A
string of 8 bits
9
Q
word size
A
how many bits a processor can manipulate in parallel
10
Q
backwards compatibility
A
when new software / hardware is designed to be compatible with old
11
Q
Program Counter
A
holds address of current instruction
12
Q
Instruction Register
A
Holds current instruction
13
Q
Arithmetic Logic Unit
A
performs arithmetic and logic (add, sub, mult, div, and, or, not)
14
Q
Registers
A
small amount of temporary and fast storage
15
Q
Control Unit
A
reads from instruction register and controls processor to execute function
16
Q
Cache
A
stores recently used data and instructions
17
Q
Components of Main Memory
A
Registers
Cache
RAM
18
Q
What is a platter
A
set of disks stacked on top of each other with smooth magnetic coating on both sides
19
Q
What is RPM
A
rotations per minute, how fast disk in HDD is spinning
20
Q
What does an actuator arm do
A
moves across HDD disk to position read / write heads
21
Q
What are the types of machines
A
client / server
22
Q
What is a client machine
A
requests and uses services provided by servers
23
Q
what is a server machine
A
runs applications and provides it to others
24
Q
Cloud Computing
A
share pool of resources:
software, resources, storage
E.G. gmail, google docs, icloud, one drive
25
Transistor
buildingblock to create computer chips
26
Moored Law
# of transistors that fit on a chip doubles every 18 months
27
Law of Mass Digital Storage
Amount of digital informations is doubling every year
28
ASCII
character standard for english
29
UNicode
character standard for most languages
30
OS
operating system
manages software and hardware resources of computer
31
RAID
Redundant array of independent disk
32
Disk Striping
split data and evenly distributed x times among disks
x times faster
x times more likely to fail
33
Disk Mirroring
copy data onto multiple disks in case of failure
decreased capacity
increased reliability
34
Parity
Add a 0 or 1 at end of bits so that sequence has even # of bits
If sequence has odd number, we know its corrupted
35
Online Backup
instant real time backup
36
Offline Backup
done at intervals (usually end of day) and stored in another location
backup to cloud or tape
37
Network
group of computers linked together to share resources
38
Hub
data received but hub is sent to connected devices
39
Bridge
One input and output, determines wether to send information
40
Switch
bridge but with many outputs, decides which output to send on
41
Router
links networks together
42
Firewall
hardware / software that prevents outsiders from accessing network
43
NIC
Network Interfacing Card
ethernet, wifi, bluetooth, nfc
44
Static website
site does not change unless it is edited
45
Dynamic Website
site changes based off user activity / queries.
46
Trade-offs between processors
Efficiency - designed to run a long time with small battery, do not need fan, minimize, transistors (phones / portable devices)
Speed - may need a fan, uses a lot of power, complex w/ possibly lots of transistors (desktops, servers, e.t.c)
47
Cache details
the lowest level of cache has the smallest storage and is the fastest to access.
As you go higher it has more storage but is a little slower
The most commonly used instructions are stored in the lowest levels first
48
Multi-core processors
Executes multiple instructions at the same time as each core acts like its own processor
49
Storage Devices
Static RAM
Dynamic RAM
SSD
HD
USB / SD /Micro SD
DVD / Blu-ray
50
SRAM
faster than DRAM, used for registers
51
SSD vs HDD
SSD pros - 10x faster, lasts longer, physically lasts longer
SSD cons - more expensive, data can fade, wears out with a lot of writes
52
Mainframe
expensive centralized system. One mainframe that is accessed by terminals
53
Minicomputer
similar to mainframe but smaller
54
Personal Computer
used by individual to run simple programs
55
Enterprise computing
links computers networks and applications throughout firm
56
P2P
every machine in network consumes and provides services at the same time
57
Metcalfes Law
value of a network grows exponentially with the # of members
58
DBMS
organizes and stores company data
59
ISP
internet service provider
60
Mobile Digital Platform
increasing use of mobile devices accessing internet
61
BYOD / Consumerization of IT
technology meant for consumer moves into business world
62
Grid Computing
pool computers to work together to get higher computation power
63
Virtualization
creation of a virtual software to simulate hardware, OS, storage, network
64
Load Balancing
evenly distribute workload among many servers
65
Cloud Computing
leasing / accessing services from another company
SaaS
66
On Demand Computing
off load peak demand externally (form of cloud computing)
67
Green Computing
design of computers that minimizes impact on environment
68
Sanitize
make sure devices are completely wiped before disposal
69
Autonomic Computing
develop systems that are capable of self-management
P2P systems
SMART - Self Monitoring, Analysis & Reporting Technology
70
Nanotechnology
using nano structures to build devices
1 transistor = 14 nanometers wide
71
Quantum Computing
represent data as 2^n states per qu-bit
72
Open Source Software
Pros:
lower cost, less bugs as everyone can inspect code, flexibility,
transparancy
Cons:
harder to use
compatibility issues
lack of support
73
HTML -> HTML5
HypertextMarkupLunguage: display info on the web
HTML5 now supports audio & video
74
Web services
software components that exchange information with each other using web comms
75
service oriented architecture
use of web services to integrate among different apps and platforms
76
Software Outsourcing
purchasing / renting customized software package instead of developing own - e.g. SAP
77
SaaS
software as a service, purchasing and using cloud softwares
78
Scalability
firms need the ability to expand
79
Total Cost-of Ownership
Capital expenditure + Operational Expenditure
80
Capital Expenditure
fixed one time cost to acquire system
81
Operational Expenditure
ongoing expenses for running software
82
Direct IT Costs
obvious and direct costs related to IT
(hardware, software, paper, internet costs)
83
Indirect IT Costs
costs due to lost productivity
(downtime, poorly trained users, etc)
84
Unmanaged infrastructure
users can install any application and change settings
85
Locked & Well Managed
users cannot install software or change specific settings
86
Flat File
storing data in simple files / relational database
87
Pros & Cons of Flat Files
pros:
simple,easy to understand, easy to search through, good for one person and small data
cons:
lack of security, only one person can access at a time
88
Database Management System
set up storage structures
update data
process queries
89
Relational Database
model data as objects
90
Physical Schema
how data is physically stored
91
Conceptual Schema
global view of entire DB
92
External Schema
how data is displayed to a particular user
specific views of data
93
Hierarchal Database
tree based, based off parent child relationships
94
Network Database
ER diagram can be a network, entities can have multiple parents
95
Object Oriented Database
stores type of data and procedures that manipulate data - to store multimedia
Supports inheritance and polymorphism
96
computer network
2+ PCs connected to share resources
97
extranet
private network that small subset of users can access
98
Circuit switching
line is held by circuit until end of communication by both source and desination
99
Packet Switching
data is broken down into packets, sent to destination, then reassembled
network is only used when sending info
100
Dijkstra’s algorithm
determines shortest path from source to destination
101
Node Topology
how are nodes connected to eachother
102
geographic scale
how big is the network
103
NFC
near field communication - very close (4cm) e.g. tap pay
104
PAN
personal area network
bluetooth, 10m
105
LAN
local area network
within building or floor, ethernet, wifi in house
106
WAN
wide are network,
usually internet, or network spanning countries (banks, military)
107
Internet Protocol Suite
standard for networks
108
Application Layer
defines protocols for apps to exchange data
109
Transport Layer
